Speaking

• ‘You can only feel alive if you live in a big city.’

• ‘You can only feel alive if you live away from a big
city.’

Give reasons and examples.

 New vocabularies
Word s Meaning
adhesive A substance used to make things stick together, glue
crag A steep part of a cliff or a rock face
crevice A narrow opening in a rock or a wall
evade To avoid being caught by something or someone
hover To remain in the same place in the air

fog a weather condition in which very small drops of water come togather to
form a thick a cloud close to the land or sea , making it difficult to see
hustle Moving quickly
snatch To take quickly
bare Without any cloth
skyscraper A very tall modern building, usually in a city
sparkle To shine brightly
 New vocabularies
Word s Meaning
invariably always
bay part of the coast
proclaim announce
blare to make an unpleasantly loud noise
waterborne Carried by or through water
Feel at one feel comfortable

breeze A light and pleasant wind

sting out Take the unpleasant part of something
lingering lasting a long time
 New vocabularies

Word s Meaning
harbour Sea port
wharves (plural an area like a wide wall built near the edge of the sea or a river where
of wharf) ships can be tied and goods are loaded
essence Most important
forecourt A flat area in front of a large building
majestic Beautiful or powerful
Opera house A theatre which is specially designed for operas to be performed in
bind To tie tightly
 crevice
crag

cliff wharf
 Auxiliary verbs
• have: • is: • do
We use the auxiliary We use the auxiliary verb We use the auxiliary
verb have with is with continuous verb do/did with
perfect tenses tenses(present and questions and
(present perfect and past continuous) and negatives in the
past perfect). to make the passive simple tenses(simple
Examples: voice. past and simple
Examples: present).
I have lived in Mogdisho
Examples :
all my life. We are looking for a new
Where do you live?
I had always wanted to job.
Did they move?
live in the city. We were living in Bosaso.
The house was built by an
engineer.
 Emphasis

• To add emphasis to or to correct a statement, we

can put stress on the auxiliary.
• If it is in the simple present or past, we add the
auxiliary do or did.
Examples:
I do believe that Allah is one.
I did meet her some days ago.
Living in a big city does really make you feel alive.
 Adjectives
• Attributive adjectives • Predicative adjectives
• Attributive adjectives • Predicative adjective
come before the come after the
noun. verb(b).
Example: Example:
I saw an old man. My father is alive.
 Predicative adjectives
• alive= not dead
• awake= not sleeping
• asleep= not awake
• ill= not healthy
• Alone=not with other people
• Afraid=frightened
• glad= happy and pleased
• aware= knowing about a situation or fact
• alike= similar
 Present Tenses:
Present Continuous
Present Simple
Present Perfect
 Present Continuous
Examples:
I am writing the lesson now.
We use the present Right now I am working part-
continuous to talk about time, so I have some free time.
things that are happening
now and about temporary
and changing situations.

We don’t usually use the present continuous with state

verbs. Some common state verbs are: agree, love,
believe, like , agree, understand,
remember ,want…….etc.
 Present Simple

We use the present simple to Examples :

talk about habits and routines My parents travel to Kenya
and about facts or things that every year.
are always true. My parents come from Rusisia.
 Present Perfect
• We use the present • Examples:
perfect to talk about My parents have lived in
something that started in the USA for a long time.
the past, but continuous They have never forgotten
now. their home country.
 Speaking

Is the glass half-empty or half-full?

What are you optimistic about?
 What are you optimistic about?
• I am optimistic that …..
• I am optimistic about my…..
• I am confident that….
• I am positive that….
• This is not just a wishful thinking……
• I hope that ………
• I am quite sure that…….
• That might not happen in my life time.
 What are you optimistic about?
• I am optimistic that …..
• I am optimistic about my…..
• I am confident that….
• I am positive that….
• This is not just a wishful thinking……
• I hope that ………
• I am quite sure that…….
• That might not happen in my life time.
 The suffix-able Explanation
changeable weather cold and wet one moment and then
sunny and hot the next

drinkable water water you can drink

an incurable disease a disease that has no cure
an intolerable situation a situation you can not tolerate
anymore
a reliable witness a witness you can rely on to
remember and retell something they
saw accurately
renewable energy energy that can be renewed
a respectable organization an organization you can respect, that
has a good reputation.

a suitable present a present you think the recipient will

like
 Vocabulary
Words Their meaning

infectious can spread from one person to another

eradicate get rid of something completely

vaccine a substance that protects against the

disease

contaminated polluted with infection

recover get better after an illness

malnutrition weakness or illness because of lack of food

or the right food
 Metaphors
• The definition of a metaphor is "a • Sea of grief - How and where does one
figure of speech containing an come across a sea that is filled not with
implied comparison, in which a water, but with grief?
word or phrase ordinarily and • Fishing - It is not used to mean that the
primarily used of one thing is person is actually fishing; it is an
expression which is used to signify that
applied to another.
the person is looking for something that
is difficult to obtain.
• He drowned in a sea of grief. • Success is a sense of achievement, it is
• She is fishing in troubled waters. not an illegitimate child! - The saying is
used to reinforce the age-old belief that
• Success is a bastard as it has
everyone wants to take credit for
many fathers, and failure is an something that became a success, either
orphan, with no takers. by fluke (by chance) or by conscious
effort. On the other hand, no matter how
much effort or creativity may have gone
into an enterprise, the moment it is
considered a failure, no one wants to take
responsibility for it, much like an
abandoned infant.
 Metaphors: illness
• Dealing with illness is like fighting a war.
Examples :
 The virus attacks the nervous system.
 He fought bravely against the disease.
 Yesterday she lost the battle against cancer.
 Her defenses are very low.
 More and more people are falling victim to
Aids.
 Grammar

Future Forms
 Future Forms

Present simple
Present continuous
Be going to
Will
Verbs such as intend, plan ,expect
Model verbs, such as may,might,could
 Future forms
Present simple Present continuous
• We use the present simple • We use the present
to talk about schedules or continuous to talk about
timetables. fixed arrangements in the
• Example: future(agreement with
I start my new job on Sunday. other people or travel
arrangement).
• Examples:
We are flying to France on
Monday.
We are meeting our son there.
 Future Forms
be going to will
• We use will to talk about
• We use be going to to talk
decisions and plans which are
about plans and intentions. made spontaneously, at the time
• We also use be going to for of speaking.
predictions that are based • We use will to talk about future
on strong evidence. predictions that are based on an
evidence that is not so clear.
Examples :
• Examples:
I am going to start my own
That sounds good. I will think about
business. it.
He is definitely going to lose I think I will travel to Saudi Arabia
the election. one day
 Future Forms
Some verbs Model verbs
• We also use verbs such as • We use model verbs such as
intend, plan, expect and may, might and could to talk
hope to talk about future about predictions.
arrangements and • Examples :
intentions. The government could get a
• Examples: majority.
I expect to get financial They might just win .
backing for our project.
We hope to successfully finish
the program.
 Future Continuous and Future Perfect
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
• We use the future continuous to • We use the future perfect to talk
talk about an action in progress at about an action completed by a
a certain time in the future. certain time in the future.
• We form the future continuous • We form the future perfect with
with: will+be+verb+ing will+have+past participle.
• We often use the future
• We often use the future perfect with
continuous with phrases such as:
phrases such as: by 2020, by this time
in 2020, this time next year , in two
next year, in two year’s time.
year’s time.
By 2020 measles will have disappeared.
This time next year I will be doing
something completely different. In ten years time many global health
In five year’s time they will be goals will have been achieved.
enjoying their retirement.
 Generalizing and making Exceptions

Generalizing Exceptions
• typically • not counting
• mostly / most • an exception is
• generally/ in general • this doesn’t include
• ordinarily • apart from
• as a rule • except for
• by and large
 Vocabulary
Soon Distant future
• Any day now • In my life time
• In the near future • Along way off
• Before long • Just wishful thinking
• Just around the corner • Light years away
 Vocabulary
Words Their meaning

slightly misleading not really correct

alongside next to

ancestral belonging to your relatives in

the past

criterion something that helps you to

make a judgment about
something
 Writing a report (1)
1. A Paragraph:
Before you start writing, make a plan and organize your ideas in
paragraphs. A paragraph can be defined as a group of sentences
about a single idea or topic.

2.Topic sentences:
Writers often state the main idea of the paragraph in the first
sentence. This is known as the topic sentence and it helps
the reader follow the structure of the writing.

3. Supporting Sentences:
The sentences after the topic sentence are called supporting
sentences. They provide details, examples, a definition or
explanation of the topic sentence, and should follow a logical
order.
 Writing assignment
• Write a report about one of the topics in page16.
write four or five paragraphs, including an
introduction and conclusion. Include topic
sentences and arrange your supporting sentences
in a logical order.
• What are you optimistic about? Answer in one
paragraph.
 The End

Thank You for Coming.