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Exploring Regression Analysis

The document discusses regression analysis and its use in predicting the value of one variable based on another variable. It provides the formula for computing the correlation coefficient (r) and the t-statistic to test for significance of r. The steps of regression analysis are outlined, including identifying dependent and independent variables, computing r, testing the significance of r, determining the regression line equation if r is significant, and using the regression line to predict values. An example applies these steps to analyze the relationship between number of student absences and missed quizzes, but finds no significant correlation.

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88 views

Exploring Regression Analysis

The document discusses regression analysis and its use in predicting the value of one variable based on another variable. It provides the formula for computing the correlation coefficient (r) and the t-statistic to test for significance of r. The steps of regression analysis are outlined, including identifying dependent and independent variables, computing r, testing the significance of r, determining the regression line equation if r is significant, and using the regression line to predict values. An example applies these steps to analyze the relationship between number of student absences and missed quizzes, but finds no significant correlation.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPLORING REGRESSION

ANALYSIS
FLORENCE PEARL ACOB & ANGEL FAJARDO
Regression Analysis

-The field of statistics that deals


with prediction.
-is then used to predict the value of
one variable in terms of the other
valuable.
The two statistics that effect the value of
t are the value of r and the number of
cases n. Outside the radical sign in the
formula, the value of r is a direct factor;
inside the radical sign, t is inversely
related to the value of r. This implies that
as the computed r increases, the value of
t also increases and the chance of
rejecting the null hypothesis increases.
t=r
where df= n-2
Steps in testing the significance of r:
Step 1. State the null and alternative hypotheses.
Step 2. Compute for the value of t.
Step 3. Compare the computed value of t with the critical
value of t, as found in the table. Based on the null
hypothesis, the test calls for a two-tailed test. The degree
of freedom is n-2.
Step 4. Make the decision. If the computed value of t is
equal or greater than the critical value of t, reject the null
hypothesis then accept the alternative hypothesis. If the
computed value of t is less than the critical value, accept
Ho.
Step 5. Summarize the results.
Example : Family Income and Savings

A researcher investigated the


relationship between family income
and savings. Using the data from 15
families, the computed r significant
at 0.05 level of significance? Can we
conclude that the relationship really
exist?
Steps: Solution:
1. State the null and alternative H₀: there is no significant relationship
hypothesis between family income and savings(r=
o)
H₁: there is a significant correlation
between family income and saving(r≠ 0)

2. Compute for the value of t using the Here n=15 and r=0.76
formula: t=r
t=r t=0.76
t= 4.22

3. Compare the computed value of t with Using df= n-2=15-2=13, a=0.05, two tailed
the critical value of t . test, we get from the table of t values
that the critical value of t is 2.16.

4. Make a decision Since the computed value of t=4.22 is


greater than the critical value of t which
is 2.16, we reject the null hypothesis. So,
we say that there is a significant
relationship between family income and
savings.
5. Summarize the results We conclude that the relationship
between income and family savings
really exists in the population.

If the computed r is significant, the regression analysis, we


have to determine the dependent and the independent
variable.
The Regression Line
(The Line of Best fit)
The equation Y¹=bX + a is the equation of the
regression line, where is the y-intercept and b is the
slope of the regression line. The values of a and b can
be found in using the following formulas.
a=(∑Y)(∑X²) – (∑X)(∑XY)
b=
The regression line Y¹=bX + a is also called the line
prediction equation because we use it to predict Y if X
is known. Since in the analysis, only the Y distance was
considered, the line cannot be used to predict X from Y.
Steps to determine the regression line or do a regression
analysis:

1. Find the value of the correlation


coefficient(r).
2. Test the significance of r. If r is significant,
proceed to regression analysis(proceed to
step 3). If r is not significant , regression
analysis cannot be done (STOP).
3. Find the values of a and b.
4. Substitute the values of a and b in the
regression line Y¹=bX + a.
Student Number of Absences Number of missed quizzes

1 1 1
2 1 2
3 2 4
4 3 2
5 4 4

Steps Solution
1. Identify the dependent and Here, the dependent is the number of
independent variables. missed quizzes while the independent
variables is the number of absences.

2.Compute the correlation coefficient (r) Let us put the data in columns and the
using the formula: find the following:

r X Y X² Y² XY
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 1 4 2
Example:
The following data shows number
of absences and the number of
quizzes missed by 5 students. If
there is a significant relationship
between the two variable, predict
the number of quizzes missed by a
student who was absent for 6 days.
2 4 4 16 8
3 2 9 4 6
4 4 16 16 16
X= 11 Y= 14 X²=31 Y²=41 XY=33

r=0.63

3. Test the significance of r Here n=5 and r=0.63


using the formula: t=r
t=0.63
t=r
t= 1.41
4. Compare the computed t-value to the Using df= n – 2= 5 – 2 =3, a =0.05, two
critical t-value tailed test, we find from the table that
the critical value of t is 3.182
5. Make a decision Since the computed t=1.30 is less than the
critical t=3.182, we accept the null
hypothesis. So, there is no significant
relationship between the two variables.
6. Summarize the results It appears that there is no significant
relationship between number of
absences and number of missed quizzes.
Thus, we will not proceed to regression
analysis.

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