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Here are the meanings of the soil classification systems in the question: BS - British Standard soil classification system USCS - Unified Soil Classification System AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials soil classification system ASTM - ASTM International (originally known as American Society for Testing and Materials) soil classification standard

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37 views31 pages

Lec 1

Here are the meanings of the soil classification systems in the question: BS - British Standard soil classification system USCS - Unified Soil Classification System AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials soil classification system ASTM - ASTM International (originally known as American Society for Testing and Materials) soil classification standard

Uploaded by

ahmed alhaj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Soil Mechanics I
Ahmed Alhaj Abdualgader
COURSE CONTENTS:
1.introduction
2. Physical Properties and Phase Relationships for Soils
3. Soil Mechanical Analysis
4. Consistency Limits
5. Soil Classification
6. Soil Compaction
7. Flow of Water in Soil
References :
1. SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATIONS, MUNI BUDHU
2. ‫ميكايك التربة السيد عبد الفتاح القصبي‬
3. principal of foundation engineering, Braja.M.Das
Evaluation Class Notebook
• Homework & Reports • You are required to keep and
assemble a suitable notebook
• Mid-Term Exam
• Unannounced quizzes
• Laboratory work
• Final Exam
Appearance of Work
• All homework and tests must be on engineering paper.
• Homework and tests must conform to format given in
syllabus. Failure to do so will result in reduced credit.
• Each time you use an equation, write down what it is:
don't just put a bunch of numbers on the page and expect
anyone to know what you did. This too will result in
reduced credit
According to Terzaghi (1948):
“Soil Mechanics is the application of laws of mechanics and
hydraulics to engineering problems dealing with sediments and
other unconsolidated accumulations of solid particles produced
by the mechanical and chemical disintegration of rocks
regardless of whether or not they contain an admixture of
organic constituent.”
Objectives of Soil Mechanics,
• To perform the Engineering soil surveys.
• To develop rational soil sampling devices and soil sampling methods.
• To develop suitable soil testing devices and soil testing methods.
• To collect and classify soils and their physical properties on the basis of
fundamental knowledge of soil mechanics.
• To investigate the physical properties of soil and determine the coefficients to
characterize these properties.
• To evaluate the soil test results and other applications as a construction
material.
• To understand various factors such as static and dynamic loads, water and
temperature
Fields of Application of Soil Mechanics
1- Foundation
The understanding of the mechanical behavior of granular
material under different states of stress conditions it is of
great importance for the analysis of possible failure within a
soil mass that supports structures such as embankments,
piles, spread footings, earth dams, etc.
2- Underground and Earth-retaining Structures
Underground structures such as drainage structures, pipe lines, and
tunnels and earth-retaining structures such as retaining walls and
bulkheads can be designed and constructed only by using the principles
of soil mechanics and the concept of ‘soil-structure interaction
3- Pavement Design
Pavement Design may consist of the design of flexible or rigid pavements.
Flexible pavements depend more on the subgrade soil for transmitting the
traffic loads. Problems peculiar to the design of pavements are the effect of
repetitive loading, swelling and shrinkage of sub-soil and frost action.
Consideration of these and other factors in the efficient design of a pavement
is a must and one cannot do without the knowledge of soil mechanics.
4- Excavations, Embankments and Dams
Excavations require the knowledge of slope stability analysis; deep
excavations may need temporary supports—‘timbering’ or ‘bracing’, the
design of which requires knowledge of soil mechanics.

5- Small Housing
In the villages, and so far there are some people build their homes from
templates made of soil mixed with grass and even the roof is a soil
surrounded by the large legs wood trees in the form of a beam and beyond
are compacted both roof and walls to prevent leakage of water inside the
house
Homework (1):
What is the meaning of the below soil classification
institute?
 BS
 USCS
 AASHTO
 ASTM

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