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17 Address Resolution Protocol ARP 08112022 011236pm

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a low-level network protocol that operates at Layer 2 and maps IP addresses to MAC addresses. ARP uses broadcast queries to map IP addresses to MAC addresses by sending ARP requests containing the sender's IP address and an unknown target IP address. The target host responds with its MAC address, which gets cached in the sender's ARP table for future address lookups to avoid broadcasting for each datagram.

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89 views8 pages

17 Address Resolution Protocol ARP 08112022 011236pm

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a low-level network protocol that operates at Layer 2 and maps IP addresses to MAC addresses. ARP uses broadcast queries to map IP addresses to MAC addresses by sending ARP requests containing the sender's IP address and an unknown target IP address. The target host responds with its MAC address, which gets cached in the sender's ARP table for future address lookups to avoid broadcasting for each datagram.

Uploaded by

Gohan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Address Resolution Protocol

(ARP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

• low level network protocol


• operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model which is usually
implemented in the device drivers of network
operating systems.
• used by the Internet Protocol (IP), specifically IPv4, to
map IP network addresses to the hardware addresses
used by a data link protocol.
• ARP packets are one of the most frequent packets
found on a local area network
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Address Mapping

 The delivery of a packet to a host or a router requires two levels of addressing: logical and physical. We need
to be able to map a logical address/IP to its corresponding physical address/MAC and vice versa. This can be
done by using either static or dynamic mapping.
 Each host and router has an ARP table in its memory, which contains mappings of IP addresses to MAC addresses.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
ARP - The Address Resolution Protocol
 An IP datagram must be encapsulated in a frame to pass through the physical network. This requires the physical address/MAC of the
receiver.
 ARP associates an IP address with its physical address/MAC .
 When the physical address/MAC of another host is required an ARP query packet is sent which includes
 IP address of sender
 IP address of the receiver
 The intended recipient recognises its IP address and send back an ARP response which contains the physical address/MAC.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Four cases using ARP

Based on
th

21.36 Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
ARP functions
 Sender knows IP address
 IP asks ARP to create an ARP request message
 sender physical address
 sender IP address
 target IP address
 target physical address filled with 0's
 Message passed to data link layer; destination address = broadcast address
 All hosts receive frame; only target host accepts the packet
 Target host replies (unicast) with an ARP reply message containing the physical address
 Sender receives reply; it now knows the physical address of the target host
 IP datagram's are now unicast to the destination host
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Cache Table
 A sender usually has more than one IP datagram to send to the same destination
 It is inefficient to use ARP for each datagram
 A cache table is used
 limited size
 mappings retained only for a limited time

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