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Cyclic Voltammetry

Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical technique that measures current during multi-cycle potential sweeps of a working electrode. It uses a three-electrode system including a working electrode, reference electrode, and auxiliary electrode. The potential is varied linearly over time, and then swept back to the initial potential in multiple cycles. This produces a cyclic voltammogram graph of current versus applied potential that can provide information about redox processes and reaction kinetics and intermediates. Common applications include studying analyte electrochemical properties and adsorbed molecules.

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113 views12 pages

Cyclic Voltammetry

Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical technique that measures current during multi-cycle potential sweeps of a working electrode. It uses a three-electrode system including a working electrode, reference electrode, and auxiliary electrode. The potential is varied linearly over time, and then swept back to the initial potential in multiple cycles. This produces a cyclic voltammogram graph of current versus applied potential that can provide information about redox processes and reaction kinetics and intermediates. Common applications include studying analyte electrochemical properties and adsorbed molecules.

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GEAIA ENERGY ENVIRON
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CYCLIC

VOLTAMMETRY
INTRODUCTION

• Voltammetry - Voltammetry refers to electrochemical methods in which a


specific voltage profile is applied to a working electrode as a function of time
and the current produced by the system is measured.
• This is commonly done with an instrument called a potentiostat, which for
these measurements is capable of applying variable potentials to the working
electrode relative to a reference electrode (like Ag/AgCl) while measuring
the current that flows as a result of the electrode reaction.
• The common characteristic of all voltametric techniques is that they involve:
• The application of potential (E) to an electrode.
• The monitoring of resulting current (i) flowing through the electrochemical
cell.
• In many cases, the applied potential is varied or the current is monitored over
a period of time (t).
• Thus, all voltametric techniques can be described as some functions of E, i
and t.
Governing Law : Ohm’s Law E=ir
WORKING
• A voltammetric cell consists of the three micro electrodes. They are:
To conduct such an experiment, at least two electrodes are required. The 
working electrode, which makes contact with the analyte, must apply the
desired potential in a controlled way and facilitate the transfer of charge to and
from the analyte. A second electrode acts as the other half of the cell. This
second electrode must have a known potential with which to gauge the
potential of the working electrode; furthermore it must balance the charge
added or removed by the working electrode. While this is a viable setup, it has
a number of shortcomings. Most significantly, it is extremely difficult for an
electrode to maintain a constant potential while passing current to counter
redox events at the working electrode.
To solve this problem, the roles of supplying electrons and providing a
reference potential are divided between two separate electrodes. The 
reference electrode is a half cell with a known reduction potential. Its only role
is to act as reference in measuring and controlling the working electrode's
potential and at no point does it pass any current. The auxiliary electrode
 passes all the current needed to balance the current observed at the working
electrode. To achieve this current, the auxiliary will often swing to extreme
potentials at the edges of the solvent window, where it oxidizes or reduces the
solvent or supporting electrolyte. These electrodes, the working, reference,
and auxiliary make up the modern three-electrode system.
THEORY

Data analysis requires the consideration of kinetics in addition to


thermodynamics, due to the temporal component of voltammetry. Idealized
theoretical electrochemical thermodynamic relationships such as the 
Nernst equation are modeled without a time component. While these models
are insufficient alone to describe the dynamic aspects of voltammetry, models
like the Tafel equation and Butler–Volmer equation lay the groundwork for the
modified voltammetry relationships that relate theory to observed results.
CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY

• An electrochemical technique which measures the current that develops in an


electrochemical cell under conditions where voltage is applied.
• CV is performed by cycling the potential of a working electrode and
measuring the resulting current.
Governing Law: Ohm’s Law E=ir
CYCLIC VOLTAMMOGRAM
THEORY

In a cyclic voltammetry experiment, the working electrode potential is ramped


linearly versus time. Unlike in linear sweep voltammetry, after the set potential
is reached in a CV experiment, the working electrode's potential is ramped in
the opposite direction to return to the initial potential. These cycles of ramps in
potential may be repeated as many times as needed. The current at the working
electrode is plotted versus the applied voltage (that is, the working electrode's
potential) to give the cyclic voltammogram trace. Cyclic voltammetry is
generally used to study the electrochemical properties of an analyte in solution
or of a molecule that is adsorbed onto the electrode.
APPLICATIONS

CV is rarely used for quantitative determinations, but it is widely used for:


• Study of redox processes.
• Understanding reaction intermediates.
• Obtaining stability of reaction(s).
THANK YOU

DEVANSHI JHA (225)


KHUSHI GROVER
(237)
AADYA (240)

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