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7.coding of Audio

Coding of audio involves quantization and transformation techniques to compress audio signals. Temporal redundancy in audio is exploited using techniques like μ-law companding combined with algorithms that code differences between present and previous signal values, concentrating the histogram of values into a smaller range. This reduction in variance allows lossless compression methods to more efficiently encode the data, producing a greatly compressed bit stream. Common audio coding techniques include Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) of quantized samples, Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) of differences, and Adaptive Differential Pulse Coding Modulation (ADPCM) which also considers speech properties.

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42 views2 pages

7.coding of Audio

Coding of audio involves quantization and transformation techniques to compress audio signals. Temporal redundancy in audio is exploited using techniques like μ-law companding combined with algorithms that code differences between present and previous signal values, concentrating the histogram of values into a smaller range. This reduction in variance allows lossless compression methods to more efficiently encode the data, producing a greatly compressed bit stream. Common audio coding techniques include Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) of quantized samples, Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) of differences, and Adaptive Differential Pulse Coding Modulation (ADPCM) which also considers speech properties.

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Natnel Tsehaye
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Coding of Audio

• Quantization and transformation of data are collectively known as coding of


the data.
• For audio, the µ-law technique for companding audio signals is usually
combined with a simple algorithm that exploits the temporal redundancy
present in audio signals.
• Differences in signals between the present and a previous time can
effectively reduce the size of signal values and, most important, concentrate
the histogram of pixel values (differences, now) into a much smaller range.
• The result of reducing the variance of values is that lossless compression
methods that produce a bit stream with shorter bit lengths for more likely
values, fare much better and produce a greatly compressed bit stream.
• In general, producing quantized sampled output for audio is called Pulse
Code Modulation, or PCM.
• The differences version is called DPCM (and a crude but efficient variant is
called DM).
• The adaptive version is called ADPCM, and variants that take into account
speech properties follow from these.

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