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Structure of UNIX OS

The Linux system architecture consists of four layers - the hardware layer, kernel, shell, and utilities. The kernel interacts directly with the hardware and provides low-level services. The shell acts as an interface between the user and kernel. Utilities provide most operating system functionality. The kernel is the core component and interacts with hardware. System libraries allow programs to access kernel features without kernel access rights. System utilities perform specialized individual tasks. Linux has basic features including portability, being open source, supporting multiple users and programs running simultaneously, a hierarchical file system, shells for executing commands, and security features.

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51 views6 pages

Structure of UNIX OS

The Linux system architecture consists of four layers - the hardware layer, kernel, shell, and utilities. The kernel interacts directly with the hardware and provides low-level services. The shell acts as an interface between the user and kernel. Utilities provide most operating system functionality. The kernel is the core component and interacts with hardware. System libraries allow programs to access kernel features without kernel access rights. System utilities perform specialized individual tasks. Linux has basic features including portability, being open source, supporting multiple users and programs running simultaneously, a hierarchical file system, shells for executing commands, and security features.

Uploaded by

Kenny Pratheep Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure of

UNIX Operating System


UNIT II
Architecture
• The architecture of a Linux System consists of the following layers −
• Hardware layer − Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/
CPU etc).
• Kernel − It is the core component of Operating System, interacts directly with
hardware, provides low level services to upper layer components.
• Shell − An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of kernel's functions from
users. The shell takes commands from the user and executes kernel's
functions.
• Utilities − Utility programs that provide the user most of the functionalities of
an operating systems.
Components of Linux System
• Kernel − Kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all major
activities of this operating system. It consists of various modules and it
interacts directly with the underlying hardware. Kernel provides the
required abstraction to hide low level hardware details to system or
application programs.
• System Library − System libraries are special functions or programs using
which application programs or system utilities accesses Kernel's features.
These libraries implement most of the functionalities of the operating
system and do not requires kernel module's code access rights.
• System Utility − System Utility programs are responsible to do specialized,
individual level tasks.
Basic Features
• Portable − Portability means software can works on different types of hardware in same way. Linux
kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform.
• Open Source − Linux source code is freely available and it is community based development
project. Multiple teams work in collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system
and it is continuously evolving.
• Multi-User − Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system resources like
memory/ ram/ application programs at same time.
• Multiprogramming − Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at
same time.
• Hierarchical File System − Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files
are arranged.
• Shell − Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the
operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs. etc.
• Security − Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/
controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.

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