Nutrition Life Cycle

Nutrition throughout
the life cycle
Presented by
Miss L. Smith
All people; pregnant and
lactating women, babies, infants,
children, adolescents, adults and
the elderly- need the same
nutrients, but the amounts they
need vary depending on the stage
of life.
Taken from Understanding Nutrition.
The Pregnant Woman
● The pregnant woman

requires foods from the
six food groups.
Extra nutrients should
come from
● Fats
● Carbohydrates
● Protein
● Calcium &Phosphorus
● Iron, Folic acid, Vitamin
D and Vitamin C
The Pregnant Woman Cont.
● Iodine
● Vitamin B12
● Fluids and Dietary Fibre
● The extra food a pregnant
woman requires is needed for
the development of the unborn
child and helps build energy
reserves needed during labour
and breast feeding.
● The extra caloric intake should
be between 285-300 calories
daily.
● A healthy pregnant woman
should gain 11-14 kgs.
● What is the conversion in
pounds?
Hint 1 kg is equal 2.2lbs
The breast-feeding mother
● The breastfeeding mother

requires foods from the six
food groups.
Extra nutrients should come
from
● Fats
● Carbohydrates
● Protein
● Calcium & Phosphorus -
levels should be increase
between 700mg-1200mg.
● Iron
● Water and fluids- 3 Liters
daily
The breast-feeding mother Cont.
● The extra caloric

intake should be
between 500-550
calories daily for the
first six months of
breast-feeding.
● Most women require
and 1800 calories per
day during breast-
feeding
The baby (0- 6 months)
● The baby’s diet must

be perfectly balanced
to safeguard their
health.
● How can one provide
a perfectly balanced
diet for a baby?
The baby
● Breast milk is nutritionally balanced it has the

correct quantities of nutrients needed by the baby.
● Exclusive breast-feeding – no water, fruit juice or
formulas until baby is six months old.
● Benefits of breast-feeding
⮚ Free
⮚ Has antibodies –Colostrum
⮚ Free from germs
⮚ Readily available
⮚ Easily digested
⮚ Emotional well being
Infancy (6 months – 1 Year)
● Complementary Feeding- the

gradual introduction of semi solid
and solid foods the baby’s all milk
diet.
● Breast-feeding continues during
this period.
● In the Caribbean the first semi solid
food that is introduce in the baby
diet is porridge.
● Porridge is usually made from
wheat flour, cornmeal, green
bananas.
● Note the porridge is sweeten with
milk and brown sugar.
● Why brown sugar than white
sugar?
Infancy Cont.
● Porridge should be of thick

consistency to feed from a
spoon.
● The introduction of semi
solid and solid should be
done gradually.
● When semi solid and solid
foods are introduce they
should smooth free from
lumps, creamed or mashed.
Infancy Cont.
Some guidelines to remember when feeding infants

● Give small amounts
● Choose food of high nutritional value
● Practice the three P’s
Patience, Persuasion and Perseverance
● Remove baby’s portion form the family pot before
adding spices, salt and pepper.
● Introduce new foods one at a time, keep giving the
baby the new food for a couple days before giving
another.
● Do not withhold foods during illness.
● Never leave baby to eat alone.
Toddler 1-4 years
● Young children grow up quite

quickly at this stage of life cycle.
● In this age group anaemia begins
to show up.
● Toddlers require higher levels of
body building nutrients, energy
building nutrients , calcium and
iron.
● Toddler’s diet should have a
regular supply of milk, meats, red
meats including liver, eggs, peas,
beans, dark green vegetables.
● Always remember
● Vitamin D is needed for the proper
absorption of Calcium.
● Vitamin C assist with the
absorption of iron.
The School Child (5-11 Years)
● During school age

children are still
growing and activity
levels are high.
● The school child needs
body building and
energy giving nutrients
during this stage of life.
● School children should
be eating at least three
meals daily.
The School Child Cont.
● In the Caribbean
anaemia is high within
this stage of the life
cycle, emphasis should
be placed on eating
foods rich in Iron and
Vitamin C.
● Children who do not get
enough foods to eat are
usually listless, tired and
perform poorly in class
The adolescent
● Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and body

development, and nutrient requirements are
increase at this stage. Taken from Caribbean Food and
Nutrition.
● The energy requirement are on par to those of an
adult.
● Energy requirement vary according to gender and
physical activity.
An active boy may require a diet consisting of 3,500
calories. Where a girl the same age who is not
active may require a diet consisting of 2,000
calories.
The adolescent Cont.
● The additional calories provides

energy for growth and physical
activity. These additional
calories should come a variety
of healthy foods like low fat
diary products, lean meats,
whole grains, fruits and
vegetables.
● There should be sufficient
protein and iron rich foods in
the adolescent’s diet. Girls
require additional iron to
prevent anaemia from
developing as the menstrual
period begins.
● When snacks are

chosen they should
be healthy. Examples
milk, fruits and water.
● Adolescents should
avoid drinking
carbonated
beverages or soft
drink and slushes as
they contain very high
● Think, one glass

of water with
sixteen
teaspoonful of
sugar is equivalent
to the amount of
sugar in a 20 oz
Coca- Cola or soft
drink.
Assignment
Tips for healthy

eating in teen years
Highlight four tips you
will like to implement in
your daily life.
The Adult
● Most people stop growing in their teenage

years.
● Adults require nutrients to maintain and repair
the body and too keep it healthy.
● The amount of energy or caloric intake an
adult requires depends on their
⮚ Physical Activity
⮚ State of health
⮚ Gender
⮚ Age
The Adult Cont.
● Limit high calorie

foods (saturated fats)
● Eat foods rich in
calcium
help prevents
Osteoporosis.
● Women should
ensure diet is rich in
iron
● Eat three times a day
to minimize on
snacking
● If snacking choose
fruits and vegetables
The Elderly
● The aged person needs the same

basic diet as other member of the
family.
Important guidelines should be
considered when preparing foods
for the elderly.
● As the elderly are less active they
require less energy - giving foods.
● As one ages our taste perception
diminishes so meals should be
tasty.
● Include in the elderly’s diet at least
one glass of milk. It helps to
replace calcium loss.
● Include raw fruits as it provides
added fibre ,this reduces
constipation and disorder of
digestive tract.
The Elderly Cont.
Important guidelines should be considered

when preparing foods for the elderly.
● If the elderly has dental problems the introduce
soft foods.
● The removal of fine bones from fish , especially as
sight may diminish with age.
● Avoid foods that are not easily digested. (raw
vegetables)
● Serve heavy meals at midday which allows proper
digestion before bedtime.
● Serve small meals and supplement hunger with
nutritious snacks.

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Nutrition throughout

the life cycle

● The pregnant woman

● The breastfeeding mother

● The extra caloric

● The baby’s diet must

● Breast milk is nutritionally balanced it has the

● Complementary Feeding- the

● Porridge should be of thick

Some guidelines to remember when feeding infants

● Young children grow up quite

● During school age

● Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and body

● The additional calories provides

● When snacks are

● Think, one glass

Tips for healthy

● Most people stop growing in their teenage

● Limit high calorie

● The aged person needs the same

Important guidelines should be considered

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