Objectives

• Transcode information
from linear to non-
linear texts and vice-
versa
What is Linear Text?
-most common type of reading
(traditional method of reading)
- involves reading the whole text
from the beginning to the end
- it may take a considerable
amount of time to find the specific
information you need.
Non-linear
Text
What is Nonlinear Text?
-non-sequential
-the readers do not have to go through
the text in a sequential manner in
order to make sense of the text
- has many reading paths since it’s the
readers who decide the sequence of
reading, not the author of the text
Generally, texts printed on paper are
considered as linear texts. Novels,
poems, short stories, letters,
educational texts, all those texts we
read from the beginning to the end,
are linear texts.
Some non-linear texts you
are likely to encounter are:
graphs
tables
charts
diagrams
maps
 photographs
Non-linear texts are used to:
summarize figures
show trends
show comparisons
show relationships
clarify difficult concepts
 Locate the relevant informatio
Extracting information from a written text to
e only key words
transfer or phrases
to a non-linear text –n
equired to
Step 1: Read the
subject matter.
classify
passage to get information
a general idea of the

ave to come
Step 2: Look upto with
at the visual your head
identify what information
is needed to complete the chart.
Step 3: Locate the relevant information in the
passage and transfer it to the chart. Use only key
words or phrases – not whole sentences.
Step 4: You may be required to classify information
into categories under Headings. You may have to
come up with your headings.
Different kinds of
Graphs or Charts
 Charts or Graphs.
Graphs/Charts - graphs and charts
are visuals that show a relationship
between two or more sets of
measurements. The most common
types of graphs are line graphs and
bar graphs, while pie charts are the
most common type of chart.
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
- A diagram that shows suggested relationships
between concepts.
- Typically represents ideas and information as boxes
and circle and uses lines to show the relationship
between them.
- creating a visual image of that subject. A visual that
you can analyze to check your understanding of a
subject.
- Concept maps are superior in that sense because not
only they improve processing of facts but also
understanding of facts.
- https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/concept-maps-for-studying/
 LINE GRAPHS
-is a graphical display of information that
changes continuously over time.
LINE GRAPHS
- are commonly use to show
trends. they are easy to read
because the reader is able to
identify the trend based on the
direction of the line.
 BAR GRAPH
- are better for comparing larger changes or
differences in data among groups.
 BAR GRAPH
- consist of columns or bars arranged
horizontally or vertically. Normally, they are
used to show comparison between
variables. They are also used to show the
frequency of events in different classes or
intervals.
- may run horizontally or vertically. The
important thing to know is that the longer
the bar, the greater its value.
- BarGraphs https://www.smartdraw.com/bar-graph/
HISTOGRAM
 HISTOGRAM
- A graphical distribution of the
distribution of numerical data. It has
no gaps between bars.
- A histogram is similar in appearance to
a bar chart, but instead of comparing
categories or looking for trends over
time, each bar represents how data is
distributed in a single category.
-Histogram https://www.smartdraw.com/bar-graph
PIE GRAPH
 PIE GRAPH
- are visual representations of
information on parts or segments as
a proportion, percentage or fraction
of the whole. One can clearly see
that the visual itself shows who or
which segment has the bigger piece
of the pie.
 PIE GRAPH
- A pie chart is a graphic that
shows the breakdown of items in
a set as percentages by
presenting them as slices of a
pie. The key to a pie chart is that
all of the slices must equal 100%.
-https://www.smartdraw.com/bar-graph/
 Venn Diagram

- is a visual depiction of the

similarities and differences
between two or more different
items. It consists of a series of
shapes - usually circles - whose
edges overlap.
Tables
 Tables
- consist of facts and figures
arranged in columns and rows for
quick reference. This will ease the
understanding of complicated
facts and figures.
 Let’s
Analyze
Study the bar chart carefully. Then write the answers
to the questions below.
1. What does the bar chart show?
 The bar chart shows 11 reasons why Malaysian
students chose a particular university in 2013.

2. What are the top three reasons for choosing a

university and their percentages?
 The top three reasons are language used in
lectures, quality of lecturers and up-to-date
teaching facilities. The language used in lectures
is top at 95%, up-to-date teaching facilities
comes next at 93% and quality of lecturers at
90%.
3. What two other university-related factors
that are crucial when deciding on a
university?
 Reputation and location of the university are
two other university-related factors that are
crucial in deciding on a university.
4. What are two most important non-teaching
related reasons for choosing a university?
 The two most important non-teaching related
reasons for choosing a university are the cost
of accommodation and tuition.
5. Which two reasons for choosing a university
are rated as equally important at 65%?
 Friendliness and good preparation for work
are equally important at 65%.

6. What are the least important reasons or

factors when deciding on a university?
 Good language support and modern
teaching methods are considered the least
important reasons when deciding on a
university.
7. The reasons for choosing a particular
university can be grouped into two main
reasons. What are they?
The reasons for choosing a university can
be grouped into teaching-related and
nonteaching related reasons.
8. According to the chart, what is the main
factor for choosing a university?
The most important factor for choosing a
university is the language used for lectures.
 Reasons for Choosing a University in Malaysia, 2013
By: Sample Writer

The bar chart shows eleven reasons why Malaysian students chose a particular
university in 2013. The top three reasons are the language used in lectures, quality of
lecturers, and up-todate teaching facilities.

The results of the survey show that the language used in lectures is top at 95 per
cent while up-to-date teaching facilities comes next at 93 per cent. The third reason is
the quality of lecturers, accounting for 90 per cent. The reputation and location of the
university are two other crucial university-related factors when deciding on a
university. Non-teaching related reasons are also important. As observed, cost of
accommodation and tuition are major factors for more than three-quarters of the
students when choosing a university. Two other factors that are considered almost
equally important at 65 per cent when choosing a university are friendliness and good
preparation for work. However, good language support and modern teaching methods
are considered relatively unimportant when choosing a university, rated at 20 percent
and 30 percent respectively.

In conclusion, the reasons for choosing a particular university can be grouped into
teaching related reasons and non-teaching reasons. The most important factor for
choosing a university is the language used for lectures
Analyze and interpret the given
non-linear text. Then answer
the questions given by the
teacher.
Day  Time  Activities
Monday 3.30 p.m ~ 5.30p.m. Go for football
practice in the school.
Tuesday 4.30 p.m ~ 6.30p.m Go for piano lesson
  at Melody Music School.
Wednesday 5.00 p.m ~ 7.00p.m. Play badminton at
the Arena Badminton Centre.
Thursday2.30 p.m ~ 4.30p.m. Attend Mathematics
tuition.
Friday 6.30 p.m ~ 7.30p.m. Go swimming
with mum and dad.
Saturday 9.00 a.m ~11.00 a.m Attend Boy Scouts
meeting.
Sunday 4.00 p.m ~6.00 p.m Go cycling with
friends around the
neighborhood.
 Girls' Activities

others
Computer games
%
10%

Reading books
30%
Socials
15%

Board games
15% Volleyball
25%
 Overall, there are many differences in terms of sport activities between
both sexes. However, boys and girls both prefer doing the same activities:
reading, playing computer games, and listening to music.
Turning to the first chart, it illustrates that boys prefer playing computer games
than taking other activities by 34%. Playing basketball comes as the second
popular leisure works by twenty-six percent. Compared to basketball, it is
soccer participation followed by 17%. Then skateboarding and listening to
music are less preferable activities. Reading, the least cultural activities that
boys participate in, represents two percent

A closer look at the second chart, a similar proportion of boys and girls
goes through 11% respectively for gymnastics and skateboarding. The
percentage of girls interested in playing Netball shows fifteen percent, while
17% of boys enjoy soccer. In marked contrast, reading activities for boys
represent 2%, which is smaller than that of girls, with twenty-one percent.
Statistically, the total number of boys playing computer games represents 34%.
This is twice as large as that of girls, with only 16 percent. Roughly one quarter
of boys like playing basketball and listening to music comes as the smallest.
These activities reach the equal proportion.
I have the following budget for each month.
Opinion Frequency
June 2,058
July 3,010
August 4,100
September 5,000
October 9,000
November 2,058
December 3,020
Total 28,246
 OTHERS
5%
DEP
DFA ED
9% 20%
DOH
10%
National
BFAR
Budget
5% for 2020 DIL
DOS G
T 15%
9% DPW
DND H
DA
10% 10%
7%
• https://www.differencebetween.com/differen
ce-between-linear-and-nonlinear-text/
• https://www.tes.com/lessons/oy0ta9Rqd4_sw
Q/interpreting-non-linear-text
• https://www.scribd.com/document/16716127
6/Transferring-Information-From-Linear-to-No
n-linear-Texts
• https://callwithimran.wordpress.com/2016/04
/16/linear-to-non-linear-reading-comprehensi
on-exercise/
• https://ifasyafiqahmdazani.blogspot.com/201
2/01/non-linear-to-linear-text-writing.html
• https://www.differencebetween.com/differen
ce-between-linear-and-nonlinear-text/