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Foundations of Educational Planning

Educational planning refers to deciding in advance strategies, policies, and programs to achieve educational objectives. It is a goal-oriented and systematic process influenced by sociological, political, economic, pedagogical, and demographic factors. Sociological factors include the impact of education on society and social influences. Political factors comprise political ideologies and lobbying groups. Economic factors determine the content and methods based on a country's resources. Pedagogical factors cover objectives, curriculum, teaching methods, and technology. Demographic distribution by age, sex, location affects education costs and infrastructure needs.

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286 views11 pages

Foundations of Educational Planning

Educational planning refers to deciding in advance strategies, policies, and programs to achieve educational objectives. It is a goal-oriented and systematic process influenced by sociological, political, economic, pedagogical, and demographic factors. Sociological factors include the impact of education on society and social influences. Political factors comprise political ideologies and lobbying groups. Economic factors determine the content and methods based on a country's resources. Pedagogical factors cover objectives, curriculum, teaching methods, and technology. Demographic distribution by age, sex, location affects education costs and infrastructure needs.

Uploaded by

MK Barrientos
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Foundations

of Educational
Planning
Group 1

1. Jarvies Bilbar
2. Naome Antido
3. Khristine Barrientos
Planning
• Adesina (1990) defines planning as a way of projecting our intentions, that is, a method
of deciding what we want to accomplish.

• From this view, it can be summarized that planning refers to the act of deciding in
advance what is to be done, how and when to do it, where and who is to do it in order to
achieve the goals of the system.

• A plan is a detailed scheme, programme or method worked out before hand for the
purpose of achieving a set objective.
Educational Planning
• the process of setting out in advance, strategies, policies, procedures, programmes and
standards through which an educational objective (or set of objectives) can be achieved.

• a detailed and systematic process.

• goal-oriented and is directed at achieving a set educational objectives.


I. Sociological Factor
• Sociology – the study of social life, group behaviour, cause and effect of changes in environment
(urbanization, technology, etc.).

 
• Four social factors affecting educational planning.

1. Impact on planning on society

2. Social sanctions and taboos

3. Social aspirations relating to education

4. Role of external pressures in educational planning and management.


•  
• Sociology of education is related in numerous ways to the various problems that educational planners
have to face. To learn to look for social factors and social forces and their mutual interdependence and
to view education as an integral part of a social whole is probably the most important component of
sociological sensibility and of the sociological approach to educational planning.
II. Political Factors
Factors that are believed to exert political pressures on educational planning and management.

1. Political ideologies

2. Politician’s ideas and attitudes

3. Lobbies
a. Racial or communal minorities
b. Religious or cultural group
c. Industrial or commercial establishment
d. Trade unions
e. Parent or parent-teacher group
f. Alumni/alumnae groups
g. Student movement
h. Regional interests

4. International agencies and movement

5. Foreign aid
III. ECONOMIC FACTORS
• The type of education largely depends on the economic strength of any country.

• The economic factor determines the content and method of an education system. In the
indigenous traditional education people were trained depending on the economic
conditions and needs of the community.

• If the economic condition is poor, education becomes backward in many aspects while
if the economy of a country is strong, then educational aims and the curriculum are
given special direction for making the country prosperous.
IV. PEDAGOGICAL FACTORS
Pedagogy is the science of teaching, comprise the sum total of our knowledge and experience in bringing
about learning.

The following must be considered:

1. Objectives of education

2. Structure of educational system

3. Contents of education

4. Methods of teaching and learning

5. Financing of education

6. Innovation and technology

7. Research and evaluation

 
V. DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
• Demography is the statistical study of the characteristics of human population
especially with the reference to size and density, growth, distribution, immigration and
vital statistics and their effects on social and economic conditions.

• Educational planning cannot be divorced from considerations about dynamics of the


population (i.e., its growth and change), as it deals with a ‘target population’ which is
constantly changing in number, age and sex composition, and geographic distribution.
Studying the structure of a populations means studying its composition, i.e., its
distribution according to certain pre-defined criteria. Educational planners may be
concerned with the distribution of the population for various reasons:

1. Distribution by age and sex – enables them to measure the relative size of the
school-age population, which is the foundation and the point of departure for any
educational policy.

2. Distribution of the population by sector of economic activity and, within each of


these sectors, by occupation – enables them to estimate manpower requirements, and
determine targets for technical, vocational and higher education.

3. Geographical distribution of the population – affects both the cost of education and
the choice of types, sizes and locations of schools.
References
• https://www.slideshare.net/shafiqurrehman526/educational-planning-56831868
• https://
www.academia.edu/12011372/EDUCATIONAL_MANAGEMENT_PLANNING_ORG
ANIZING_SUPERVISION_FINANCE_INNOVATION_and_CHANGE_DECISION_
MAKING_AND_EVALUATION
• https://
www.scribd.com/document/526563206/FOUNDATION-OF-EDUCATIONAL-PLANNI
NG

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