THE TECHNICAL

PAPER/REPORT
PREPARED BY: Christopher S. Villarin LPT, JD
 A technical report/paper is described as a
written scientific document that conveys
information about technical research in an
objective and fact-based manner.
COMMON TYPES OF TECHNICAL
PAPERS/REPORTS

1.Business Plan
2.Action Plan
3.Business Proposal
4.Feasibility Study
5.Manual of Instruction
Action Plan- An action plan is an outline or list of
all the tasks that need to be completed to
achieve a goal. Action plans can be used to help
you accomplish large goals or small goals.
Business Plan- is a formal written document containing
the goals of a business, the methods for attaining those
goals, and the time-frame for the achievement of the
goals. It also describes the nature of the business,
background information on the organization, the
organization's financial projections, and the strategies it
intends to implement to achieve the stated targets.
A business proposal- is a technical paper aimed at
attracting potential clients with what a company
sells. It’s a document in either digital or printed
form that explains product or service features,
taking into consideration the lead’s needs and
wants. In other words, business proposals show
how a company can help solve a customer’s
specific problem.
Feasibility Study- is an assessment that
determines the likelihood of a proposed project
being successful, such as a new product line or
technical system. The study analyzes the
project's relevant factors, such as technical,
economic and legal considerations, to assess
whether the project is worth an investment.
Manual of Instruction-is a useful tool that one
can refer to whenever he/she needs an
infographic to look at when building something
complicated. It is most commonly found on
products that require a great deal of assembly,
such as a computer, a cabinet, and so on.
THE BUSINESS PLAN
 A business plan is an executive document that
acts as a blueprint or roadmap for a business.
It is quite necessary for new ventures seeking
capital, expansion activities, or projects
requiring additional capital. It is also important
to remind the management, employees, and
partners of what they represent.
PARTS OF A BUSINESS PLAN
A. Executive summary – Also known as the elevator
pitch, the executive summary is the most important
element of any business plan, best fitted in a page or
two. It provides an idea and an overview of the
company. It also introduces the product or service
the company aims to offer. Finally, it is a summary of
the plan.
B. Business description – This is an elaboration
of the company goals and objectives. It includes
the market or industry the business belongs to,
its target audience, etc. It can also provide
information on the company structure and how
it operates.
C. SWOT ANALYSIS – SWOT analysis helps the
business identify its strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats, which will help them
choose the critical approach. The business should
take advantage of its strengths and opportunities
while simultaneously working on the weaknesses and
finding the best strategy to deal with the threats. This
will balance the company and its internal and
external environment.
D. Operating plan – As the term implies, it talks
about how the business is operated. The
manufacturing and supply patterns, strategies like
agile or lean, inventory approach, etc., decided by
the management come under this. In addition, the
expected quantity to be produced and supplied in a
given period and the reverse logistics plan are good
additions to the operating plan.
E. OGANIZATION DESCRIPTION – This gives
information on the total employees, departments,
management qualifications, job description, and
total skill set of the organization’s human
resources. The decided salary and wages, HR
policies, etc., are also part of an organization’s
description.
F. FINANCIALS– These refer to the financial
projections, including the budget, estimated
costs, payments, expected break-even point,
payback period, etc. Forecasts on expected
revenue and costs for at least one year or until
the business breaks will be necessary.
THE ACTION PLAN
An action plan is a roadmap that can help
you accomplish your program goals and
objectives.
ELEMENTS/PARTS OF AN ACTION PLAN

I. Objectives- A succinct summary of the goal to be achieved

II. Tasks- Steps or tasks one needs to achieve to reach the
goal
III. Success Criteria- success rate of achieving the objective
IV. Time Frame- Period in achieving the task
V. Persons Responsible- Assigning responsibilities to each
team member
VI. Resources -manpower, time, money, etc. needed to
achieve the objective or task
THE BUSINESS PROPOSAL
 A business proposal is a written offer from a
seller to a prospective sponsor, buyer or investor.

 It also means a sales document that a supplier

sends to a prospective client with the purpose
of winning a specific project.
TYPES OF BUSINESS PROPOSALS

Unsolicited Business Proposals - With unsolicited

business proposals, you approach a potential
customer with a proposal, even if they don't
request one, to gain their business.
Solicited Business Proposals - Solicited business
proposals are requested by a prospective client so
that they can decide whether or not to do business
with your company.
PARTS OF A BUSINESS PROPOSAL
A. TITLE PAGE
The title of your proposal should be meaningful and
memorable. It should express how your
proposal can benefit your potential customer

Your title page should include the following components:

• the title of your proposal,
• your name,
• your business’ contact information,
• the name of your potential customer, and
• the date that your proposal was submitted or due
B. TABLE OF CONTENTS

If your proposal is longer than a few pages, you

should include a table of contents.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Executive SummaryI ____________________1
II. The Problem of Homelessness in San Jose
(problem statement)_____________________ 3
III. Our Hi-Tech Solution (proposed solution)___5
IV. Who We Are (Qualifications)_____________11
V. Timeline_____________________________ 13
VI. Your Return on Investment______________15
VII. Terms and Conditions_________________ 18
C. Executive Summary
Your executive summary is not just a summary of your
proposal. It is your chance to make your
case directly to the executives who will decide whether
or not to do business with you.

Your executive summary should

• identify your potential customer’s problem;
• recommend a solution to their problem;
• state why you are the best choice to implement this
solution.
 Executive Summary Example

Homelessness is a significant problem throughout the country, but it is especially

prevalent here in San Jose. We have the highest unsheltered homeless population in
the nation, and this number continues to grow. Santa Clara County spends over $520
million a year on the homeless crisis, but existing solutions are insufficient. As San Jose
City Council members, you have the power to help the homeless find homes.

Our Hi-Tech Rovers will bring much-needed resources directly to the homeless. These
Rovers have the potential to save the city government millions of dollars per year while
improving the lives of our city’s most vulnerable residents. We have already
experienced a great deal of success, having helped thousands of homeless people in
San Jose. With the support of the City Council, we can reach even more people who
desperate need our help.
D. Problem Statement
Show your potential customer that you understand
the problem they are facing.
You should know all about the problem from your
extensive research. Use facts and emotional appeals
to craft a persuasive argument that their problem
needs to be solved.
Be detailed, but only include directly relevant
information.
 Problem Statement Example

Homelessness in San Jose is rampant and on the rise. Over 11,515 homeless people were living
in San Jose in 2020. The number of homeless people increased by 89% from the 6,097 reported
in the 2019 Homeless Census & Survey and 165% from the 4,350 reported in the 2017 Homeless
Census & Survey. One out of every hundred people living in San Jose is homeless, and for every
person housed, two more become homeless. If nothing changes, this trend will continue.
These homeless people are more than just statistics. They are our friends, family members, and
neighbors who need our help. Homelessness is degrading and dangerous. Homeless people are
more likely to
• contract contagious diseases such as COVID-19,
• have minor injuries turn life threatening due to a lack of health care,
• develop an addiction to deadly drugs,
• suffer from mental illness,
• and be victims of violence.
E. Proposed Solution
Describe your solution, how it will benefit your
potential customer, and how you will implement
it.
 Proposed Solution Example

Our Hi-Tech Rovers are a novel solution to the homelessness crisis. They are 30-
foot customized vehicles that bring much-needed resources directly to the
homeless. You can find our Hi-Tech Rovers serving our most vulnerable citizens at
parks, churches, and homeless encampments.
Hi-Tech Rovers provide
• first aid;
• counseling;
• access to Wi-Fi, computers, and printers;
• assistance with job and housing searches;
• clothing, showers, and grooming stations.
Homeless people no longer need to jump through hoops and trek across the city
for the chance to access the resources that they so desperately need. The Hi-Tech
Rover has shifted the paradigm by bringing an abundance of resources to the
homeless rather than expecting the homeless to find and compete for scarce
resources. The Hi-Tech Rover is effective, efficient, and compassionate
F. Qualifications
Establish the credentials of your company. Inform your
potential customer about your relevant expertise and
accomplishments. Consider using testimonials from
previous customers and case studies
 Qualifications Example

We are a Silicon Valley based non-profit that uses innovative approaches

to help the homeless transform their lives. Our Hi-Tech Rovers have
already reached and helped thousands of homeless people. Last year, we
helped 400 homeless people find permanent housing. We are listed on
the Service Provider Network in Santa Clara County, 211.org, and the City
of SJ homeless resource guide. We also enjoy the support of San Jose
State University and Adobe, both of which provide us with volunteers.
Our strong ties to the community uniquely position us to understand
and provide for the needs of homeless people in San Jose.
G. Return on In Investments

is a ratio between net income (over a

period) and investment (costs resulting
from an investment of some resources at a
point in time). The higher the ratio the
higher the returns.
ROI = Net Income / Cost of Investment
H. Timeline
Include a timeline so that your potential customer
knows how long it will take you to implement your
proposed solution. Be as specific and realistic as
possible.
H. Terms and Conditions
This part is, in effect, a contract. Thoroughly
cover billing procedures, project scope, and other
legal aspects of the deal.