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Math Project

- Completing the square is a method to solve quadratic equations by converting them into perfect square form. - It involves rearranging terms of the quadratic equation to group like terms into a square, allowing roots to be easily extracted. - The key steps are to write the equation in standard form, add the square of half the coefficient of the linear term to both sides, then take the square root to isolate the variable term and solve for roots.

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406 views

Math Project

- Completing the square is a method to solve quadratic equations by converting them into perfect square form. - It involves rearranging terms of the quadratic equation to group like terms into a square, allowing roots to be easily extracted. - The key steps are to write the equation in standard form, add the square of half the coefficient of the linear term to both sides, then take the square root to isolate the variable term and solve for roots.

Uploaded by

Y1z1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solving quadratic equation

by completing the square


Student: Ameer Alkulaibi
Class:11B
Date of submission:8/11/2022
What is completing the square?

• Completing the square method is one of the methods to find the


roots of the given quadratic equation. In this method, we have to
convert the given equation into a perfect square. We can also
evaluate the roots of the quadratic equation by using the quadratic
formula.
Completing the Square for Quadratic Equation

• For completing the square to solve quadratic equations, first, we need to write the
standard form as:
• ax2 + bx + c = 0
• For simplification, let us take a = 1 so that the equation becomes,
• x2 + bx + c = 0
• If we wanted to represent a quadratic equation using geometry, one way would be to
describe the terms of the expression in the L.H.S. of the equation using geometric figures
such as squares, rectangles etc. If we take a square with the side equal to x units, its area
would be equivalent to x2 square units. This area will hence represent the first term of the
expression. Similarly, a rectangle with two sides as x units and b units will have an area
equal to bx square units. And let us take a square with an area equal to c square units to
represent the last term of the expression. In the figure below, we have the geometrical
equivalent of the expressions x2
Completing The Square Formula

• The square is finally completed in the above figure. The area of the


square is equal to
• (x + b/2)2 square units
• The remaining area is equal to
• (c – b2/4) square units
• All this time, we were rearranging the same figures that we had initially. Thus, the actual
representation can be:
• x2 + bx + c = (x + b/2)2 + (c – b2/4)

• All this time, we were rearranging the same figures that we had initially. Thus, the actual
representation can be:
• x2 + bx + c = (x + b/2)2 + (c – b2/4)

• This formula can be used to solve the quadratic equations by completing the
square technique.
• All the terms in the R.H.S. of the above equation are known. That’s why it is easy to
determine the roots. 
Steps for Completing the square method
• Suppose ax2 + bx + c = 0 is the given quadratic equation. Then follow the
given steps to solve it by completing the square method.

• Step 1: Write the equation in the form, such that c is on the right side.

• Step 2: If a is not equal to 1, divide the complete equation by a such that the
coefficient of x2 will be 1.

• Step 3: Now add the square of half of the coefficient of term-x, (b/2a)2, on
both sides.
• Step 4: Factorize the left side of the equation as the square of the
binomial term.
• Step 5: Take the square root on both the sides
• Step 6: Solve for variable x and find the roots.
• The above steps can be implemented as shown below.
• Consider the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0). 
• Dividing throughout by a, we get
• x2 + (b/a)x + (c/a) = 0
This can also be written by adding and
subtracting (b/2a)2 as,
• [x + (b/2a)]2 – (b/2a)2 + (c/a) = 0
• [x + (b/2a)]2 – [(b2 – 4ac)/4a2] = 0
• [x + (b/2a)]2 = [(b2 – 4ac)/4a2]
• If b2 – 4ac ≥ 0, then by taking the square root, we get
• x + (b/2a) = ± √(b2 – 4ac)/ 2a

• Further simplification of this will give you the quadratic formula.


• Otherwise, we can directly apply the completing the square method formula
while solving the equations.
• Let us look at some examples for a better understanding of this technique.
Completing the Square Examples:

• Example 1: Find the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 4x – 5 = 0 by the method of completing the square.
• Solution:
• Given quadratic equation is:
• x2 + 4x – 5 = 0
• Comparing the equation with the standard form,
• b = 4, c = -5
• (x + b/2)2 = -(c – b2/4)
• So, [x + (4/2)]2 = -[-5 – (42/4)]
• (x + 2)2 = 5 + 4
• ⇒ (x + 2)2 = 9
• ⇒ (x + 2) = ±√9
• ⇒ (x + 2) = ± 3
• ⇒ x + 2 = 3, x + 2 = -3
• ⇒ x = 1 , -5
Example 2: Find the roots of the quadratic equation
3x2 – 5x + 2 = 0 by completing the square. Solution:
• Given quadratic equation is:
• 3x2 – 5x + 2 = 0
• The given equation is not in the form to which we apply the method of completing squares, i.e. the coefficient of x 2 is not 1.
To make it 1, we need to divide the whole equation with 3.
• x2 – 5/3 x + 2/3 = 0
• Comparing with the standard form,
• b = -5/3; c = ⅔
• c – b2/4 = ⅔ – [(-5/3)2/4] = (2/3) – (25/36) = (24 – 25)/36 =  -1/36
• Substituting these values in the equation (x + b/2)2 = -(c – b2/4) we get,
• ⇒ (x – 5/6)2 = 1/36
• ⇒ (x – 5/6)= ± √(1/36)
• ⇒ x – 5/6 = ±1/6
• ⇒ x = 1, -2/3
• Therefore, the roots of the given equation are 1 and -⅔.
• The below video will help you visualize the concepts of solving quadratic equations.

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