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Lecture #1 Introduction To Construction Materials and Method of Testing

The document provides an introduction to construction materials and methods of testing materials. It discusses common building materials like concrete, steel, wood, and masonry and describes their properties and uses in construction. The document also covers different types of concrete based on variations in materials, purpose, and ingredient proportions used.

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Rome Lauren Javier
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127 views23 pages

Lecture #1 Introduction To Construction Materials and Method of Testing

The document provides an introduction to construction materials and methods of testing materials. It discusses common building materials like concrete, steel, wood, and masonry and describes their properties and uses in construction. The document also covers different types of concrete based on variations in materials, purpose, and ingredient proportions used.

Uploaded by

Rome Lauren Javier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHOD OF TESTING

Engr. Nald Ruzle Esmeralda, CE152P-2


Construction Materials and Method of Testing
Nald Ruzle D. Esmeralda,
RCE, RMP, ME-1, SO2, FA
● Part Time SCEGE Faculty, Mapua University, September 2020
● B.S. Civil Engineering, Mapua University, May 2018
● Registered Civil Engineer, November 2018
● Accredited Materials Engineer 1 (DPWH), September 2019
● Registered Master Plumber, February 2020
● Accredited Safety Officer 2, November 2020
● High School Valedictorian
● Former Quantity Surveyor, Whiteport, INC.
● Financial Advisor, AIA Philam Life
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION?

● It is the techniques and industry involved in the assembly and


erection of structures, primarily those used to provide shelter.
● Construction is an ancient human activity. It began with the purely
functional need for a controlled environment to moderate the effects
of climate.
WHAT BUILDING MATERIALS ARE USED IN
CONSTRUCTION?
● Concrete: Concrete is a composite material made from mixing
cement, aggregates such as sand and crushed stone and water.

● Steel: Steel is one of the strongest building materials available with


excellent strength capacity in both tension and compression.

● Wood: Wood has been used as a construction material for thousands


of years and if properly maintained can last for hundred of years.
CONCRETE
CONCRETE / REINFORCED CONCRETE
● Fresh concrete can be poured into form works to take any shape or form and takes time
to harden into a stone-like material.

● It takes up to 7 days for concrete to reach the majority of its strength and will need
special attention to curing to avoid cracking or reduction in capacity. 

● Concrete is very strong when exposed to compression stresses however, it’s brittle and
has limited tensile strength.

● Combined with steel rebar, reinforced concrete is stronger and more suitable for a wide
range of structures such as tall multi-story buildings, bridges, roads, tunnels and so
many other applications.
STEEL
● It is one of the strongest building materials
available with excellent strength capacity in both
tension and compression.

● Because of its high strength-to-weight ratio, it is


ideal for structural framework of tall buildings and
large industrial facilities.
STEEL
● Structural steel is available in standard shapes such are angles, I beams and C-channels.
These shapes can be welded together or connected using high-strength bolts to build
structures capable of resisting large forces and deformations.

● Steel is a relatively expensive building material so it is the structural engineer’s


responsibility to choose economic sizes and shapes according to the actual loads on the
building to avoid overdesign.

● The installation of steel is less time consuming compared to concrete and can be
installed in any type of environment.
WOOD
● Wood has been used as a construction
material for thousands of years.

● It is a readily available and economically


feasible natural resource with a light weight
and highly machinable properties.

● It also provides good insulation from the cold


which makes it an excellent building material
for homes and residential buildings.
MASONRY
● Masonry construction is using individual units
to build structures that are usually uses
mortar to bound the units together.

● The most common material use in the design


of masonry structures is concrete block, with
vertical steel reinforcing if required.

● Masonry is strong in resisting compression


loads/stresses which makes it ideal to use for
the construction of load bearing walls.
TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON VARIATION IN
MATERIALS AND PURPOSE
1. Lime Concrete
● Lime concrete uses Lime as the binding material. It is usually mixed with surki and khoa
or stones in the proportion 1:2:5 unless otherwise specified.
● The khoa or stones are soaked in water before mixing.
● Lime concrete is used mainly in foundation and terrace roofing.
TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON VARIATION IN
MATERIALS AND PURPOSE
2. Cement Concrete
● Most engineering construction uses cement
concrete composites as the main building material.

● It consists of cement, sand, brick chips or stone


chips of the required size.

● The usual proportion is 1:2:4 or 1:3:6. 

● After mixing the required amounts of materials, the


concrete mix is cured with water for 28 days for
proper strength building.
TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON VARIATION IN
MATERIALS AND PURPOSE
3. Reinforced Cement Concrete
● For enhancing the tensile strength of
concrete, steel reinforcements are added.

● Sometimes, RCC is prestressed under


compression to eliminate or reduce tensile
stresses. The resulting concrete is known as
Prestressed Concrete.
TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON COUNTING ON
THE WORK BEING DONE
1. Dry Ready Mix
- This is the combination that may be found at the
most home improvement and hardware stores.
- It comes in baggage typically starting from sixty to
eighty pounds.
- Dry ready mix is simple to combine and this is often
the combination that almost all homemade comes
would require.
- The tools needed for the mixture are a bucket or
cart, shovel or hoe, trowel and a measured quantity
of water.
TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON COUNTING ON
THE WORK BEING DONE
2. Ready Mix
● This concrete comes pre-mixed and is for larger
homemade comes or for people who do not need
to combine their own concrete.

● It is typically brought in an exceedingly little trailer,


typically with an intermixture drum connected to
stay it dampish and mixed.

● The ready combine is usually costlier and might be


troublesome to search out.
TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON COUNTING ON
THE WORK BEING DONE
3. Bulk Dry Materials
● It is price effective to purchase dry
materials in bulk.

● The drawback of shopping for in bulk is


that there will be much space for the
materials to be kept before getting used.

● The materials will over probably be


delivered to the positioning.
TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON COUNTING ON
THE WORK BEING DONE
4. Transit Mix

● This is the mix that almost all cast-in-


place concrete comes can use.
● It is typically trucked in using concrete
trucks that have the massive drum that
keeps the concrete from setting up
whereas in transit.
● It permits for one continuous pour so
fewer seams and stronger concrete
overall.
TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON CHANGING THE
PROPORTIONS OF INGREDIENTS USED
● Regular Concrete ● Roller-Compacted concrete
● High-strength Concrete ● Glass Concrete
● Stamped Concrete ● Asphalt Concrete
● High-Performance Concrete ● Rapid Strength Concrete
● Self-consolidating ● Polymer Concrete
Concretes ● Limecrete
● Vacuum Concrete ● Light-Transmitting
● Shotcrete Concrete
COMPOSITION OF BASIC CONCRETE MIX
There are four basic ingredients within the concrete mix:
● Binding materials like cement or lime

Aggregates or Inert Materials


● Fine aggregate (sand)
● Coarse aggregate (stone chips, brick chips)

● Water

● Admixture (e.g. Pozzolana)
COMPOSITION OF BASIC CONCRETE MIX
There are four basic ingredients within the concrete mix:
● Binding materials like cement or lime

Aggregates or Inert Materials


● Fine aggregate (sand)
● Coarse aggregate (stone chips, brick chips)

● Water

● Admixture (e.g. Pozzolana)
BINDING MATERIALS
● Binding material is the main element of a concrete mix.

● Cement is the most commonly used binding material. Lime could also be used. When
water is mixed with the cement, a paste is created that coats the aggregates within the
mix. The paste hardens, binds the aggregates and form a stone-like substance.
WATER
● Water is required to with chemicals react
with the cement (hydration) and to supply
workability with the concrete.
● The number of water within the combine in
pounds compared with the number of
cement is named the water/cement
quantitative relation.
● The lower the w/c quantitative relation, the
stronger the concrete. (Higher strength, less
permeability)

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