PLANE AND
SPHERICAL
MIRROR IMAGES
By: Ms. MJLB
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PLANE MIRROR
Produced images with distinct characteristics.
Real Images- is formed by actual intersection of reflection ray.
It is formed Infront of the mirror and always upside down
relative to the object. It can be projected on the screen placed
in front of the mirror.
Virtual Images- is formed behind the mirror and upright
Note: Images form by plane relative to the object. There is no actual intersection of
mirror are always virtual, reflected ray. But if you extend the ray as if they came from
upright, the same size as the behind the mirror, there is an intersection.
object located in the same
distance behind the mirror
and laterally reversed.
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REAL VS VIRTUAL
Real Images Virtual Images
Can be caught on screen Cannot be caught on screen
Always erect and formed by concave, convex and
Always inverted and formed only by concave mirror
plane mirror
Formed when the rays of light after reflection or Formed when the ray of light after reflection or
refraction actually meet at some point refraction appear to meet at one point
Formed by actual intersection of light rays Formed by the imaginary intersection of light ray.
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SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Plane mirror in the beauty salon are arranged in such a
way that they face each other. Suppose that the two mirror
are 2.0 m apart and an object is placed 0.5 m from the
mirror. Find the distances of the first image formed by
each mirror.
SPHERICAL MIRROR CONCAVE AND CONVEX 7
• The CENTER OF CURVATURE C – is the center of the sphere from where the
mirror was taken.
• The VERTEX V – is the center of the mirror or pole of the mirror.
• The RADIUS OF CURVATURE R – radius of sphere or the distance between
C and V
• The PRINCIPAL AXIS OR OPTICAL AXIS – straight line joining C and V.
• The APERTURE AB refers to the width of the mirror.
• The PRINCIPAL FOCUS F – is the point where the reflected ray meet as in the
case of a converging mirror, or the point where the reflected ray seems to come
from behind the diverging mirror.
• The FOCAL LENGTH f – the distance from the vertex to the principal focus.
The focal length is one-half of the radius of curvature.
RAY TRACING FOR
SPHERICAL
MIRROR
1. A RAY PASSING THROUGH THE CENTER OF CURVATUREIS REFLECTED9
ALONG ITSELF.
2. A RAY PARALLEL TO THE OPTICAL AXIS IS REFLECTED THROUGH THE PRINCIPAL
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FOCUS, AS IN THE CASE OF CONVERGING MIRROR; OR WHEN EXTENDED, IT APPEAR
TO COME FROM THE PRINCIPAL FOCUS , AS IN THE CASE OF DIVERGING MIRROR.
BROKEN LINES ARE USED TO INDICATE AN EXTENDED RAY.
3. A RAY PASSING THROUGH THE FOCUS (OR WHICH WHEN EXTENDED 11
PASSES THROUGH THE FOCUS) IS REFLECTED PARALLEL TO THE
OPTICAL AXIS.
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4. A RAY STRIKING THE VERTEX OF THE MIRROR IS REFLECTED AT AN
EQUAL ANGLE ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE OPTICAL AXIS.
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“ MIRROR EQUATION
AND MAGNIFICATION
”
SPHERICAL MIRROR 14
• The position of and size of the image formed by mirror may be determined
using ray diagram. However, the position of image may be quickly determined
using the mirror equation.
1/do + 1/di = 1/f=2/R
Where: f = focal length
R= radius of curvature
do = object distance form the vertex of a mirror
di = images distance form the vertex of a mirror
(+) (-)
Focal point (f) Concave Convex
Distance of the object Real Virtual
Magnification Upright Inverted
The size of the image relative to the object, which is termed as Magnification and
represented by the letter M, can be obtain by taking the absolute ratio of the image
distance to the object, distance from the mirror.
M= size of image/size of object
M= -di/do
If M is equal to 1, the image is the same size as the object
If M is less than 1, the image is smaller than object
If M is greater than 1, the image is bigger than the object.
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Sample problem:
An object is placed 20.0 cm in front of a concave mirror
of radius 50.0 cm.
(a)what is the focal length pf the mirror?
(b) Where is the image located?
(c) Characterized the images
RECAP 17
• Reflection is the bouncing back of light into the original medium where it has been
traveling after striking the surface. Reflection smooth surface is called regular reflection,
while reflection from rough surface is called diffuse.
• Law of Reflection. 1. the angle of incident is equal to the angle of reflection; 2. the
incident ray, the normal and reflected ray all lie on a plane.
• Images formed by the plane mirror are always virtual, upright and the same size as the
object located in the same distance at the back of the mirror as the object Infront of it,
and laterally reversed.
• Spherical mirror may be concave or convex, Concave mirror is converging mirrors, while
convex mirror are diverging mirror. The image formed by the concave mirror depend on
the object distance. It may be virtual or real. Upright or inverted, bigger than the object,
same size as the object or smaller than the object. Images formed by the convex mirror
are always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object.
• The mirror equation relates the object distance, image distance, and the focal length of
the mirror
• Magnification M is the ratio of size of the image to the size of the object.
THANK YOU
Goodluck!!
