Java SE(Core java)

Lecture-1
Today’s Agenda
01 Necessity Of Programming

02 What Is Java ?
02
03 Important Features
03
04 History Of Java

04
05 Where Java stands today ?

05
06 Java Ecosystem
 Why Do We Need Programming ?

• To communicate with digital machines and make them work

accordingly
• Today in the programming world , we have more than 750
• languages available.
• And every language is designed to fulfill a particular kind
• of requirement
 Brief History Of Prog. Lang
•C language was primarily designed to develop “System Softwares” like Operating
Systems, Device Drivers etc .

•To remove security problems with “C” language , C++ language was designed.

•It is an Object Oriented Language which provides data security and can be used to
solve real world problems.

•Many popular softwares like Adobe Acrobat , Winamp Media Player,Internet

Explorer,Mozilla Firefox etc were designed in C++
Courtsey:http://www.stroustrup.com/applications.html
 What is JAVA???...
JAVA is a Technology(not only a programming language) to
develop Object oriented and Platform Independent applications.

•Platform Independence

•Technology
 Platform Independence
• PLATFORM
• A Platform is an environment in which a program runs.
• In simple terms it is combination of Operating system and
Processor.

Platform Operating
Processor
System

• Example:- Windows+Intel(i5), Ubuntu+AMD

How many physical machines are there in the
figure ?

Windows Windows(3
Mac Linux
(32 bit) 2 bit)

Windows Linux
(64 bit) Mac Linux

Windows(3 Windows
Mac (64 bit) Linux
2 bit)
 How many platforms are there in the figure ?
Answer:
Only 4
Windows
Windows Windows(3
Windows(
Mac Linux
Linux
(32 bit) 32
2 bit)
bit)

Windows
Windows
Linux
Linux Mac Linux
Linux
(64 bit)
bit)

Windows(3
Windows( Windows
Mac Linux
32
2 bit)
bit) (64 bit)
 What makes it platform Independent?
• Program Execution in C/C++

Source
Code

Com-
piler
Win-
Linux
dows
Machine
Code
 Program Execution in JAVA

Source Code

Compiler

Byte Code JVM JVM

JVM
Ubuntu MacOS
Windows
 QUIZ 3
What does JVM(Java Virtual Machine) do?

 Compiles the Java Source Code

 Generates bytecode

 Converts bytecode to underlying machine’s instruction set.

 Checks for error

 QUIZ 4

Java Compiler for every platform is different

 True

 False
 QUIZ 5
• The JVM for every platform is different

True

False
 Important Features
Platform Independent

Automatic Memory Management

Secure

Robust

Simple

Multithreaded

Distributed
 Important Features
•Platform Independent
A platform is the environment in which an application runs.

In other words it is the combination of an OS and a CPU.

For example: String object

Windows 8+Intel - Core i5 (is a diff. platform)
Linux + AMD -A6(is another diff platform)
Mac + Intel -Core i3(is yet another diff
platform)
 Important Features
Now being platform independent means that an application developed and
compiled over one platform can be executed over any other platform
without any change in the code.

And , Java has this capability using the concept of “bytecode” and “JVM”
 Important Features
• Whenever we compile a java program , the compiler never generates
machine code.

• Rather it generates a machine independent code called the “bytecode”.

• This bytecode is not directly understandable by the platform(OS & CPU).

• So another special layer of software is required to convert these bytecode

instructions to machine dependent form
 Important Features
This special layer is the JVM , that converts the bytecode to underlying
machine instruction set and runs it.
 Important Features
class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String args[ ]) {
System.out.println(“Hello World!”);
}
} Java Program

Compiler

Interpreter Interpreter Interpreter

Hello World! Hello World! Hello

World!

Win32 Solaris MacOS

 Important Features
•Thus any such platform for which a JVM is available can be used to execute a Java
application irrespective of where it has been compiled.

•This is how java makes itself “Platform Independent” and it also truly justifies
java’s slogan of “WORA”(Write Once Run Anywhere)
 Important Features
•Automatic Memory Management

In languages like C and C++ any dynamic memory which the programmer
allocates using malloc( ) or new has to be deallocated by himself using free( ) or
delete

But Java uses runtime automatic garbage collection feature where the JVM itself
deallocates any dynamic memory which our program allocated.
 Important Features
•Secure

Java does not use pointers explicitly.

Moreover all the programs in java are run under an area known as the
sand box.

This sandbox uses a bytecode verification process to ensure that code loade
does not violate Java security
constraints.
Important Features
 Important Features

Robust

Java has very strict rules which every program must compulsorily follow and if these
rules are
violated then JVM kills/terminates the code by generating “Exception”
 Important Features

To understand java’s robustness , guess the output of the following C/C++

code:

int arr[5];
int i;
for(i=0;i<=9;i++)
{
arr[i]=i+1; // Unpredictable, after i is 5
}
 Important Features

The previous code might show uncertain behaviour in C/C++ i.e. if memory is available
after arr[4] , then the code will run , otherwise it will generate error at runtime.

On the other hand if in java this code is executed, the JVM will kill the application
as soon as it finds the statement arr[5]=. . .

Reason is that in java we are not allowed to access any array beyond it’s
upper/lower index
 Important Features
•Simple

Java borrows most of it’s syntax from C/C++ languages.

Moreover it has inherited best points from these languages and dropped others.

Like it has removed pointers, multiple inheritance etc as developers of java language
found these features to be security threat and confusing.

Thus if we have basic understanding of C/C++ languages it is very easy to learn Java
 Important Features
•Object Oriented

Java supports all important concepts of OOPs, like

Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Abstraction
 Important Features

•Multithreaded

Multithreading means concurrent execution.

In simple terms it means that we can execute more than one part of the same program
parallelly/simultaneously.
 QUIZ 6

•Can we say that if we are surfing the internet using our browser and at the same time
we are listening to song in winamp, the it is multithreading ?

 True

 False

It is mutlitasking not multithreading

 QUIZ 6
• To understand this feature consider the code given below:

main()
{
clrscr();
factorial(5);
prime(8);
evenodd(4);
}
.
.
.
 Important Features

•In the previous sample code all 4 functions clrscr(),factorial(),prime() and evenodd()
are independent of each other but still they will run sequentially i.e. one after the other.

•This can be improved in java by using multithreading feature so that each one of
these functions can run together.

•Benefits: Reduced execution time , full utilization of CPU

 Important Features

Some practical examples where multithreading is used are:

We can open multiple tabs in the same browser window

When we use a media player to listen to a song , then there are multiple activities which
take place parallely like moving of a slider, elapsed time being shown, volume
adjustment , ability to add or remove songs from the playlist , playing of the song etc
 Important Features

•Distributed

Distributed programming  a program uses more than one computer.

That is, different parts of the same program run on different computers and
communicate over a network.
 Important Features

•In Java, this is made possible by a technique called RMI(Remote Method Invocation)

•RMI allows a method that is running on one computer to call a method in an object
that is on another computer.

•Benefits: Programmers working on same project may be required to be physically

present at the same location
 Important Features

Benefits: Programmers working on same project may be required to be physically

present at the same location
 History
Developed By: James Gosling

Company Name: Sun Microsystems,

now known as Oracle Sun.

Original Name: Oak.

First release: 23rd January 1996 and called

JDK(Java Development kit) 1.0
Latest version : JDK(13.0) released on 17th September 2019.
James Gosling
 Where Java Stands Today ?
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mand-salaries/
 Where Java Stands Today ?
• Do you know how many devices use Java ?

• 3 Billion devices run Java as per Oracle. (1 Billion= 100Crores)

• 1 Billion Java downloads per year.
JAVA Ecosystem
Thank you