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Module 6

This document provides an overview of magnetism and magnetic fields. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences: 1) Magnets have two poles (north and south) and like poles repel while unlike poles attract. Magnets create magnetic fields around them that can be represented by field lines. 2) A bar magnet has a magnetic field around it that is 3D in nature. To define a magnetic field, you need to understand its magnitude and direction, with the magnetic field symbolized as B and measured in Teslas. 3) If a moving charge enters a magnetic field, it will experience a magnetic force perpendicular to both its velocity and the magnetic field, with the direction of this force

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Hazent Kint Demol
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views

Module 6

This document provides an overview of magnetism and magnetic fields. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences: 1) Magnets have two poles (north and south) and like poles repel while unlike poles attract. Magnets create magnetic fields around them that can be represented by field lines. 2) A bar magnet has a magnetic field around it that is 3D in nature. To define a magnetic field, you need to understand its magnitude and direction, with the magnetic field symbolized as B and measured in Teslas. 3) If a moving charge enters a magnetic field, it will experience a magnetic force perpendicular to both its velocity and the magnetic field, with the direction of this force

Uploaded by

Hazent Kint Demol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL PHYSICS 2

Instructor: Lady Jaharah Jabber-Bulayog


MODULE 6:
• Magnetic fields
• Motion of charge particles in electric and magnetic fields
• Magnetic forces on current carrying wires
Facts about Magnetism

• Magnets have 2 poles (north and


south)
• Like poles repel
• Unlike poles attract
• Magnets create a MAGNETIC FIELD
around them
Magnetic Field
A bar magnet has a magnetic field
around it. This field is 3D in nature
and often represented by lines
LEAVING north and ENTERING
south

To define a magnetic field you need to


understand the MAGNITUDE and
DIRECTION

We sometimes call the magnetic field


a B-Field as the letter “B” is the
SYMBOL for a magnetic field with
the TESLA (T) as the unit.
Electric Field vs. Magnetic Field
From Electric interactions: For Magnetic interactions:

• A distribution of electric charge at rest • A moving charge or a current creates a


creates an electric field in the surrounding magnetic field in the surrounding space (in
space. addition to its electric field).
• The electric field exerts a force on any other • The magnetic field exerts a force on any
charge that is present in the field. other moving charge or current that is
present in the field.
Magnetic Force on a moving charge
If a MOVING CHARGE
S B
moves into a magnetic
N S field it will experience a
vo N MAGNETIC FORCE. This
deflection is 3D in nature.
-

The conditions for the force are:


•Must have a magnetic field present
•Charge must be moving
•Charge must be positive or negative
•Charge must be moving PERPENDICULAR to the field.
Direction of the magnetic force? Right Hand Rule
To determine the DIRECTION of the force on a
POSITIVE charge we use a special technique that
helps us understand the 3D/perpendicular nature of
magnetic fields.

Basically you hold your right


hand flat with your thumb •The Fingers = Direction B-Field
perpendicular to the rest of your •The Thumb = Direction of velocity
fingers •The Palm = Direction of the Force

For NEGATIVE charges use left hand!


Example
Determine the direction of the unknown variable for a proton
moving in the field using the coordinate axis given
+y
B = -x
+z +x
v = +y
F = +z

B =+Z
v = +x B = -z
F =-y v = +y
F =-x
Example
Determine the direction of the unknown variable for a proton
moving in the field using the coordinate axis given
+y

B = +x
+z +x
v = +y
F = -z
F

B
B = -z B = +z
v=-x v = +x
F = +y F = +y
Example
A proton moves with a speed of through the Earth’s magnetic field, which has a value of at a particular
location. When the proton moves eastward, the magnetic force is a maximum, and when it moves northward,
no magnetic force acts upon it. What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force acting on the
proton?

8.8x10-19 N
The direction cannot be determined precisely by the given information. Since no force acts on the
proton when it moves northward (meaning the angle is equal to ZERO), we can infer that the
magnetic field must either go northward or southward.
Magnetic Force and Circular Motion
Suppose we have an electron traveling at a
velocity , v, entering a magnetic field, B,
B directed into the page. What happens after the
v
- X X X X X- X X X X initial force acts on the charge?
FB
XXXXXXXXX
FB FB
- -
XXXXXXXXX
FB
XXXXXXXXX
-
Magnetic Force and Circular Motion
The magnetic force is equal to the centripetal force There are many “other” types of
and thus can be used to solve for the circular path. forces that can be set equal to the
Or, if the radius is known, could be used to solve for magnetic force.
the MASS of the ion. This could be used to
determine the material of the object. 𝐹 𝐵 =𝑞𝑣𝐵

𝑞𝑣𝐵= 𝐹 𝐵
𝑚 𝑣2 𝑚 𝑔=𝑞𝑣𝐵
𝐹 𝑐=
𝑟
𝐹 𝐵 =𝐹 𝑐 𝑚𝑎=𝑞𝑣𝐵

𝑚 𝑣2
𝑞𝑣𝐵= The angular speed of the particle can
𝑟 be found using , thus

𝑚𝑣 𝑣 𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵
𝑟= 𝜔= =𝑣
𝑟
=
𝑚𝑣 𝑚
𝑞𝐵
Example
A singly charged positive ion has a mass of . After being accelerated through a potential difference of , the ion
enters a magnetic field of , in a direction perpendicular to the field. Calculate the radius of the path of the ion in
the field.

We need to solve for the velocity!

56,568 m/s

0.0177 m
Charges moving in a wire
Up to this point we have focused our attention on PARTICLES or CHARGES
only. The charges could be moving together in a wire. Thus, if the wire had
a CURRENT (moving charges), it too will experience a force when placed
in a magnetic field.

You simply used the RIGHT


HAND ONLY and the thumb
will represent the direction of
the CURRENT instead of the
velocity.
Charges moving in a wire
At this point it is VERY important that
you understand that the MAGNETIC
FIELD is being produced by some
EXTERNAL AGENT
Example
A 36-m length wire carries a current of 22A running from right
to left. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic
force acting on the wire if it is placed in a magnetic field with a
magnitude of 0.50 x10-4 T and directed up the page.

+y

+z +x
0.0396 N
B = +y
I = -x
F = -z, into the page
WHY does the wire move?
The real question is WHY does the wire move? It is easy to say the EXTERNAL field moved it.
But how can an external magnetic field FORCE the wire to move in a certain direction?

THE WIRE ITSELF MUST BE MAGNETIC!!! In other words the wire has its
own INTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD that is attracted or repulsed by the
EXTERNAL FIELD.

As it turns out, the wire’s OWN internal magnetic


field makes concentric circles round the wire.
A current carrying wire’s INTERNAL magnetic field
To figure out the DIRECTION of this INTERNAL field
you use the right hand rule. You point your thumb
in the direction of the current then CURL your
fingers. Your fingers will point in the direction of the
magnetic field
The MAGNITUDE of the internal field
The magnetic field, B, is directly proportional to the current, I, and inversely proportional to the circumference.
Example
A long, straight wires carries a current of 5.00 A. At one instant, a proton, 4 mm from the wire
travels at 1500 m/s parallel to the wire and in the same direction as the current. Find the
magnitude and direction of the magnetic force acting on the proton due to the field caused
by the current carrying wire.
v
X X X
X X X
X X X 2.51 x 10- 4 T
4mm
+
X X X
X X X
X X X
B = +z 6.02 x 10- 20 N
v = +y
5A F = +x
Direction of the magnetic force? Right Hand Rule
Right-hand rule for the direction of magnetic force If the charge is negative, the direction of the force
on a positive charge moving in a magnetic field is opposite to that given by the right-hand rule

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