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Dlca - 1

This document discusses digital logic and computer architecture. It explains that digital electronics deals with digital systems and signals represented by 0s and 1s. It also discusses how analog signals are converted to digital signals using transducers and then processed by a digital system before being converted back to analog. The document outlines the hierarchy of a digital system from basic logic gates to modules to subsystems. It provides an overview of computer hardware components, organization, design and the Von Neumann and Harvard architectures.

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Department of IT, AITS
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92 views20 pages

Dlca - 1

This document discusses digital logic and computer architecture. It explains that digital electronics deals with digital systems and signals represented by 0s and 1s. It also discusses how analog signals are converted to digital signals using transducers and then processed by a digital system before being converted back to analog. The document outlines the hierarchy of a digital system from basic logic gates to modules to subsystems. It provides an overview of computer hardware components, organization, design and the Von Neumann and Harvard architectures.

Uploaded by

Department of IT, AITS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Logic &

Computer Architecture
 Digital Electronics is a branch of Electronics
which deals with Digital systems and signals.
 Digital system is a device or machine
which deals with 0’s and 1’s.
 Any device that uses digital information
uses digital electronics
 The work with digital domain is efficient than
analog domain.
 All real life signals are analog.
 How we can process it by using digital
system?
 We have two analog interface.
 First one is the input interface.
 Second one is the output interface.
 There will be a transducer and an anti-
transducer .
 There is also a digital system.
Analog to Digital convertor

Digital to Analog convertor


A
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lg
lg Digital
Multi-Bit System Multi-Bit
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 Lets have an analog signal converted into
digital signal.
 Transducer send multi-bit stream to the
digital system.
 Digital system can b a computer calculator or
any measuring instrument.
 The signal is again converted back to the
analog and you have output.
 We will learn about the digital system.
 Digital system is made of sub-systems.
 These sub-systems are made of Modules.
 Modules are made of basic units.
 We can take basic units as logic gates.
Digital System

Sub Systems

Modules

Basic Units(Logic gates)


 We have to learn the basic units i.e. logic
gates.
 these gates have some input.
 They are made of circuits resister,
capacitor, transistor...
 According to their arrangement a specific
logic is set.
Digital Computers
• Digital – A limited number of discrete value
• Bit – A Binary Digit Application S/W
• Program – A Sequence of instructions

• Computer = H/W + S/W


• Program(S/W) API
• A sequence of instruction
Operating System
• S/W = Program + Data
• The data that are manipulated by the
program constitute the data base
• Application S/W ROM BIOS
• DB, word processor, Spread Sheet,
game Computer H/W
• System S/W
• OS, Firmware, Compiler, Device Driver
Block Diagram of Digital Computer
Computer Hardware

• CPU
• Memory
• Program Memory(ROM)
• Data Memory(RAM)
• I/O Device
• Input Device: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner
• Output Device: Printer, Plotter, Display
• Storage Device(I/O): FDD, HDD, MOD
Computer Organization

• Is concerned with the way the hardware


components operate and the way they are
connected together to form computer system

• The components are assumed to be in place


and the task is to investigate the organizational
structure to verify that the computer parts
operate as intended
Computer Design

• Is concerned with hardware design of


computer

• Once computer specifications are formulated,


it is the task of designer to develop hardware
for the system

• Computer design is concerned with the


determination of what hardware should be
used & how that parts should be connected
Computer Architecture

• Is concerned with the structure and behavior


of computer as seen by user

• It includes information, formats, the


instruction set and techniques for addressing
memory
Types of Computer Architectures

Two Types of Computer Architectures

• Von Neumann Architecture


• Harvard Architecture
Von Neumann Architecture

• Describes a general frame work that a


computer’s hardware, programming and data
should follow
• Most of the computers used today operate
according to Von Neumann Architecture
• Von Neumann visualized the structure of a
computer system as being composed of
following components
Von Neumann Architecture

1. The central arithmetic Unit(ALU): performs


the computer’s computational and logical
functions
2. Memory: specifically computer’s main
memory or fast memory such as RAM
3. Control Unit(CU): directs other components
of the computer to perform certain actions
4. Man- machine Interfaces: I/p and O/p
devices such as keyboard for i/p, display
monitor for o/p
Principle of working Von Neumann
Architecture
1. Instructions and Data are stored in the
same read/write memory
2. Instructions are executed sequentially one
at a time
3. All the Instructions/data are accessed by
CPU from memory using address locations
Harvard Architecture

• Uses physically separate storage and signal


path ways for their Instructions and Data
• In a computer with Harvard Architecture, CPU
can read both data and Instructions from
memory at the same time
• Double the memory band width
Ex: digital signal processor based computer
system

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