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5.calibration and Comparators

The document discusses different types of comparators used to inspect workpieces, including mechanical, mechanical-optical, pneumatic, and electrical comparators. It provides details on the construction and working of sigma and mechanical-optical comparators. Calibration procedures for vernier calipers and micrometers using slip gauges are also outlined.

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112 views17 pages

5.calibration and Comparators

The document discusses different types of comparators used to inspect workpieces, including mechanical, mechanical-optical, pneumatic, and electrical comparators. It provides details on the construction and working of sigma and mechanical-optical comparators. Calibration procedures for vernier calipers and micrometers using slip gauges are also outlined.

Uploaded by

bleh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSPECTION OF WORKPIECE USING

COMPARATORS

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Comparator:
It is a device that indicates the differences in size between
the standard and work being measured by the means of some
form of pointer on a scale at a magnification which is sufficient
to read to the accuracy required.

Types of Comparators:

 Mechanical comparator
 Mechanical- optical comparator
 Pneumatic comparator
 Electrical comparator
Types of Mechanical Comparators:

-The dial gauge


-Sigma comparator
-The level comparator
-Reed type mechanical comparator
-Pass meter external indicating gauge
Sigma Mechanical Comparator
Construction and Working of Sigma Comparator

 The Plunger will hold the contact with the work piece, and it is
positioned in place with the help of slit diaphragms.
 The plunger will have a notch at its centre as shown in the
figure.
 A knife Edge is attached to the plunger to magnify the linear
movement of the plunger. and which is connected to the Cross
strip with the help of moving the block.
 The Y-shaped metallic arm is connected to the cross strip to Driving
drum. This arm rotated and make the drum to rotate and hence the
pointer will move on the scale.

 The first step of magnification take place at the knife edge and cross
strip and the second step of magnification is done at the drum diameter
and the pointer length.
Advantages of Sigma Comparator:

 If any shock loads forced on the plunger those will not


affect the inside equipment, due to the knife edge will
be dis-engaged after some extent of movement.
 constant measuring pressure can be achieved by using
the magnetic plunger in sigma comparator.
Mechanical Optical Comparator
Working Principle of Mechanical-Optical Comparator
 The lever acts as the plunger.
 The mirror is connected to the lever mechanism.
 The lever is held by the pivot point.
 The lengths L1 and L2 make the Magnification The L2 should be greater than the L1
so the more magnification is achieved.
 When the measuring tip is contacted the workpiece, then the lever starts rotates about
the pivot.
 The mirror will tilts accordingly about the Pivot point.
 The reflected ray will be projected on the graduated scale and shown as the reading.
Advantages of Optical Comparators:

1. High accuracy will be achieved since it is having very less moving parts.
2. Parallax error will be avoided.
3. Less weight compared to other comparators due to fewer parts.
4. Very Suitable for precision measurements due to high magnification can be achieved.

Disadvantages of Optical Comparators


1. Need a separate electrical source.
2. Optical means are expensive.
3.Not suitable for continuous use due to the scale to be view thru eyepiece.
4. Suitable to use in Darkroom only.
Calibration of Vernier caliper
Vernier caliper:
Calibration of Vernier caliper:
 Calibration of Vernier caliper can be done using slip gauges.
 Apparatus: Vernier caliper, Slip gauges.

 Principle:
The graduations on the Vernier scale are such that the length of ‘ n’ divisions on the Vernier scale
is equal to (n-1) divisions of the main scale.

Generally, a Vernier has 10 divisions and the length of these 10 divisions is equal to the
length of 10 – 1 = 9 divisions of the main scale. That is , 10 div of Vernier scale = 9 mm.
1 div of Vernier scale = 9/10 mm
Calibration of Vernier caliper:
Least Count of Vernier or Vernier Constant :

It is defined as the difference between the values of one main


scale division and one Vernier scale division.
Procedure:
1) The jaws are first gently closed on the object to be measured.
2) The slip gauges are placed between the two jaws and the main scale reading
(M.S.R)
3) Note the division on Vernier scale which coincides with any division of the main
scale. Multiply this number of Vernier division with the least count. This is the
Vernier scale reading(V.S.R) Hence V.S.R = Vernier scale coincidence x Least
count(L.C.)
4) Add the main scale reading to the Vernier scale reading. This gives the observed
length.
Procedure: (Continued)

6)Hence, Observed reading = M.S.R + V.S.R


7)OR Observed reading = M.S.R. + (Vernier scale coincidence x L.C)
8)The reading is noted and the percentage of error is calculated where

Error = actual value of slip gauge - measured value.


Calibration of Micrometer:
Principle:
Micrometer works on the principle of screw and nut. When a screw is turned through a nut
through one revolution it advances by one pitch distance i,.e one revolution of the screw
corresponds to linear movement of a distance equal to pitch of the thread.
Calibration of Micrometer:
Least Count:
 Least Count = Pitch of Micrometer/Total number of
circular scale divisions
 Least Count = 1/100 = 0.01 mm

Apparatus:
Micrometre, Slip gauges.

Procedure:
 The slip gauge is placed between the two faces of the micrometer
 It is held tight and the reading is noted
 Then the percentage of error is calculated by comparing it with the actual value of
slip gauge.

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