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Collagen

Collagen is a protein that provides strength, support, and structure to connective tissues throughout the body. It is a major component of skin, tendons, ligaments, and bones. Collagen contributes to the proper alignment of cells and is involved in processes like wound healing and thrombus formation when blood vessels are damaged. The main cell type responsible for collagen production is the fibroblast. Fibroblasts synthesize various components of the extracellular matrix and play a role in tissue remodeling.

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72 views18 pages

Collagen

Collagen is a protein that provides strength, support, and structure to connective tissues throughout the body. It is a major component of skin, tendons, ligaments, and bones. Collagen contributes to the proper alignment of cells and is involved in processes like wound healing and thrombus formation when blood vessels are damaged. The main cell type responsible for collagen production is the fibroblast. Fibroblasts synthesize various components of the extracellular matrix and play a role in tissue remodeling.

Uploaded by

ROHITH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Collagen

1
Functions Of Collagen
It imparts strength, support, shape and
elasicity to the tissues.
It accounts for 6% of the weight of
strong, tendinous muscles
It provides flexibility, support, and
movement to cartilage.
It encases and protects delicate organs
like kidneys and spleen.
It fills the sclera of the eye in crystalline
form.
Teeth(dentin) are made by adding
mineral crystals to collagen.
Collagen contributes to proper
alignment of cells for cell proliferation
and differentiation.
When exposed in damaged blood
vessels, it initiates thrombus formation
FIBROBLASTS

Fibroblasts are the predominent cells of connective tissue responsible for the formation
and maintainance of fibrous components and ground substance of connective tissue

Fibroblasts are phenotypically stable but exhibit heterogenous subpopulation.They


show variation of cytoskeletal proteins,surface markers and size
Fibroblast variants –within localised sites and between sites from various locations
STRUCTURE

• Contains oval ,euchromatic staining nucleus with one or more


prominent nucleoli
FIBROBLAST LINEAGE

5
FIBROBLASTS & FIBROCYTES
Resting fibroblasts-elongated cell with little cytoplasm and
flattened nucleus
Active fibroblasts -with oval nucleus & plenty of cytoplasm
FIBROCYTES

• Comprise .1 to .5% of non erythrocytic cells in peripherel blood and show an


adherent spindle shaped morphology
• Fibrocyte express collagen I,collagen III,fibronectin,leukocyte common antigen
CD45RO,pan myeloid antigen CD13,hemopoetic stem cell antigenCD34
• Also express MHC class II,CD 80,CD 86
• They also secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and extracellular
matrix proteins
FUNCTION
SYNTHESIS OF
• Components of extracellular matrix-collagen, reticular fibers
• Components of amorphous ground substances-
glycosaminoglycans,proteoglycans
• Biologically active molecule-proteinases,cytokines& growth factor
REMODELLING OF
• Connective tissues thru degradation of collagen and other extracellular
matrix molecules and their replacement by newly synthesised molecules

ACT as immune accessory cells

MAINTAIN the structural integrity of connective tissue in health ,healing


process and in pathological condition
MYOFIBROBLASTS

• Are modified fibroblasts with smooth muscle like features characterised by


the presence of contractile proteins
• Extremely heterogenous and multifunctional
Histologically,
• Large spindle shaped stellate cells with long cytoplasmic
extensions,amphophilic cytoplasm and indented nucleus with nucleoli
Ultrastructure
• Irregular stellate cellular outlines with numerous long cytoplasmic
connections connected by intermediete or adherens junctions and connected
to extracellular matrix by cell to stroma attachment cites through fibronexus
• Myofibroblasts usually stain for the intermediate filament vimentin and
"alpha smooth muscle actin".
MYOFIBROBLASTS
• There are many possible ways of myofibroblast development:
• Partial smooth muscle differentiation of a fibroblastic cell
• Activation of a stellate cell (eg pancreatic stellate cells).
• Loss of contractile phenotype (or acquisition of "synthetic phenotype") of a smooth muscle
cell.

• Direct myofibroblastic differentiation of a progenitor cell resident in a stromal tissue.


• Homing and recruitment of a circulating mesenchymal precursor which can directly
differentiate as above or indirectly differentiate through the other cell types as intermediates.

• Epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation of an epithelial cell


• Fibroblast can transform to myofibroblast by photobiomodulation
LOCATION

• Myofibroblasts are found subepithelially in many mucosal


surfaces
• Oral cavity-human palatal mucosa and granulation tissue
during wound healing
Myofibroblast

• Discloses five cytoskeletal immuno phenotypes


• Phenotype V-vimentin
• Phenotype VA-vimentin, -SMA
• Phenotype VAD-vimentin,  -SMA,desmin
• Phenotype VD-vimentin,desmin
• Phenotype VAM-vimentin,  -SMA,myosin
FUNCTION
• They have both support as well as paracrine function in most places

• Myofibroblasts synthesise Type I,III,IV,VIII,collagen,fibronectin,


tenascin,matrix metalloproteinases

• Involved in fibrosis.

• In the wound tissue they are implicated in wound strengthening by


extracellular collagen fiber deposition and then wound contraction
by intracellular contraction and concomitant alignment of the
collagen fibers by integrin mediated pulling on to the collagen
bundles
Myofibroblast in pathological conditions

• Odontogenic keratocyst,solid ameloblastomas


• Oral submucous fibrosis –used as markers
• Oral squamous cell carcinoma
GIANT CELL FIBROBLASTS

• Seen in giant cell fibroma


• Large stellate mono or multinucleate giant cells
• Cytoplasmic borders usually distinct
• Cytoplasm is basophilic granular,containing some vacuoles
• Cells located beneath epithelium may contain small brown granules with
staining characteristics of melanin
GIANT FIBROBLASTS

ULTRASTRUCTURALLY
• Appear as stellate cells with large hyperchromatic nucleus
• Cytoplasm well demarcated
• Cell show dentritic like processes

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