Scribd
Upload
78 views15 pages

Handover

Handovers occur in satellite communications systems due to the mobility of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and their short visibility times over each location on Earth. There are different types of handovers including spot beam handovers between satellite beams, satellite handovers between satellites, inter-satellite link (ISL) handovers when ISL connections change, and network layer handovers involving changes to IP addresses. Effective handover schemes aim to minimize call blocking and call dropping during handovers through techniques like channel allocation strategies, handover prioritization, and make-before-break connections in soft handovers.

Uploaded by

Nada A. Amin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
78 views15 pages

Handover

Handovers occur in satellite communications systems due to the mobility of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and their short visibility times over each location on Earth. There are different types of handovers including spot beam handovers between satellite beams, satellite handovers between satellites, inter-satellite link (ISL) handovers when ISL connections change, and network layer handovers involving changes to IP addresses. Effective handover schemes aim to minimize call blocking and call dropping during handovers through techniques like channel allocation strategies, handover prioritization, and make-before-break connections in soft handovers.

Uploaded by

Nada A. Amin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Handover & Multiple Access

Course: Satellite Communication

Presented to:
Dr. Nora

Presented by:

1
Agenda
• Why doe handover occur
• Handover schemes
• Link layer
• Spot beam handover
• Satellite handover
• ISL handover
• Network layer handover

2
Why does handover occur?
 LEO satellite are not stationary w.r.t earth
 A network of LEO satellites are needed
 LEO satellite speed is faster than Earth short visible period of satellite cell
 Frequent Handover

3
Handover schemes

4
Link layer
 Link layer: The transfer of an ongoing connection to a new spotbeam or satellite due to
dynamic connectivity patterns of LEO satellites
 Performance can be evaluated using QoS:
 Call blocking probability (Pb): the probability of a new call being blocked during handover.
 Forced termination probability (Pf): the probability of a handover call being dropped
during handover

5
Spot beam handover
 Spot beam handover: occurs when any user crosses the boundary between a spot
beam and its neighbor.
 Most frequent to occur due to the small coverage area (footprint) of the satellite; might
occur every 1-2 minutes.
 Cells are divided into spotbeams (smaller cells)  Allows frequency reuse  better
frequency utilization (use of identical frequencies in non adjacent spotbeams)

6
Spot beam handover schemes

 In FCA schemes, a fixed number of channels are allocated to each cell.


 In DCA schemes, the number of allocated channels to a particular cell may vary,
depending on the network traffic.
 ADCA schemes are variations of DCA schemes where less call dropping during handover
is guaranteed.
7
Spot beam handover schemes

 In GH schemes, a new call is assigned a channel only if there is an available channel


simultaneously in the current cell and the next transit cell. If such channels cannot be found
immediately, the call is blocked
 In nonprioritized schemes, handover requests are treated equally as new calls, therfore
increasing the probability of call dropping during handover. Handover prioritization schemes
decrease handover failure at the expense of increased call blocking.
8
Satellite handover
 Satellite handover: occurs when the existing connection of one satellite with the user is
transferred to another satellite, when the satellite goes out of sight from the user,
providing no service. Therefore, the connection has to be transferred to a new satellite

9
ISL handover
 ISL handover: happens when interplane ISLs would be temporarily switched off due to
the change in distance and viewing angle between satellites in neighbor orbits. Then the
ongoing connections using these ISL links have to be rerouted, causing ISL handovers.
 The ISLs between satellite A and its neighboring satellites B and C have to be turned off
for a certain time, as B and C change their positions relative to A.

10
Network layer handover
 Network layer handover: migrating the connections of the higher-level protocols such
as network layer (UDP, TCP, SCTP, etc.) from the existing connection to the new IP
address. This change in IP address happens due to changing the coverage area of the
satellite or due to mobility of users

11
Network layer handover
 Hard handover: handover is performed by breaking the current connection before
establishing the new connection between the user and the network
 break-before-make
 used in mobile services as GSM system

12
Network layer handover
Advantages of hard handover Disadvantages of hard handover

Simple algorithms and processing as a The call may be terminated during the
call only uses one channel at a given handover
instant of time

The receiving end point (mobile) Call can be temporary interrupted


doesn’t require being able to receive
from two or more parallel channels
which makes it cheaper and simpler

13
Network layer handover
 Soft handover: new connection is established before breaking the old one
 make-before-break
 can make connections with more than two cells at a time (choose and connect the cell
that give the strongest signal at any moment)

14
Network layer handover
Advantages of soft handover Disadvantages of soft handover
More reliable as the connection is broken after The parallel connections require more complex
another guaranteed connection is established and expensive hardware at the receiver end
which means that the chances of abnormal point
termination of a call due to handover is low

Allow multiple connections at the same time so Using more than one channel for a single call
the call will fail only if all the channels are reduces the number of the remaining free
interfered or faded at the same time channels in the network which reduces the
network capacity

Significant performance improvement

15

You might also like