Presentation 2

PROCESSİNG OF
SOLİD HOUSEHOLD
WASTE
STUDENT
MEHIN SÜLEYMANOVA
TEACHER
AĞAHUSEYNOVA MİNİRƏ
SUBJECT
GENERAL CHEMİSTRY
GROUP-358.21E
 INTRODUCTION
 Solid Waste Generation
 Environmental Impact of Solid Waste
PLAN Disposal on Land
 Objective of Solid Waste Management
 Waste Reduction
 Effective Management of Solid Waste
INTRODUCTION
 Management of municipal solid waste
involves (a) development of an insight into
the impact of waste generation, collection,
transportation and disposal methods
adopted by a society on the environment
and (b) adoption of new methods to reduce
this impact.
Solid Waste
Generation
 An indication of how and where solid wastes are
generated is depicted in a simplified. Both
technological processes and consumptive processes
result in the formation of solid wastes. Solid waste
is generated, in the beginning, with the recovery of
raw materials and thereafter at every step in the
technological process as the raw material is
converted to a product for consumption. Generation
of solid waste during technological processes
involving mining, manufacturing and packaging.
The process of consumption of products
results in the formation of solid waste in
urban areas . In addition, other processes
such as street cleaning, park cleaning,
waste-water treatment, air pollution
control measures etc. also produce solid
waste in urban areas.
A society receives energy and raw
material as inputs from the environment
and gives solid waste as output to the
environment. In the long-term
perspective, such an input-output
imbalance degrades the environment.
Environmental Impact of Solid Waste
Disposal on Land
 When solid waste is disposed off on land in open dumps or
in improperly designed landfills (e.g. in low lying areas), it
causes the following impact on the environment.
(a)ground water contamination by the leachate generated by the waste dump
(b) surface water contamination by the run-off from the waste dump
(c) bad odour, pests, rodents and wind-blown litter in and around the waste dump
(d) generation of inflammable gas (e.g. methane) within the waste dump
(e) bird menace above the waste dump which affects flight of aircraft
(f) fires within the waste dump
(g) erosion and stability problems relating to slopes of the waste dump
(h) epidemics through stray animals
(i) acidity to surrounding soil and
(j) release of green house gas

Objective of Solid
Waste Management
 The objective of solid waste management is
to reduce the quantity of solid waste
disposed off on land by recovery of
materials and energy from solid waste as
depicted. This in turn results in lesser
requirement of raw material and energy as
inputs for technological processes
 A simplified flow chart showing how waste
reduction can be achieved for household
waste . Such techniques and management
programs have to be applied to each and
every solid waste generating activity in a
society to achieve overall minimization of
solid waste
Waste Reduction
 It is now well recognized that sustainable
development can only be achieved if society
in general, and industry, produces ‘more
with less’ i.e. more goods and services with
less use of the world’s resources (raw
materials and energy) and less pollution and
waste. Production as well as product
changes have been introduced in many
countries, using internal recycling of
materials or on-site energy recovery, as part
of solid waste minimization schemes.
Effective Management
of Solid Waste
 Effective solid management systems
are needed to ensure better human
health and safety. They must be safe
for workers and safeguard public
health by preventing the spread of
disease. In addition to these
prerequisites, an effective system of
solid waste management must be both
environmentally and economically
sustainable.
 Environmentally sustainable: It must
reduce, as much as possible, the
environmental impacts of waste
management. ·
 Economically sustainable: It must operate
at a cost acceptable to community.
Clearly it is difficult to minimise the two
variables, cost and environmental impact,
simultaneously. There will always be a trade
off. The balance that needs to be struck is to
reduce the overall environmental impacts of
the waste management system as far as
possible, within an acceptable level of cost.
 An economically and environmentally sustainable solid
waste management system is effective if it follows an
integrated approach. it deals with all types of solid waste
materials and all sources of solid waste . A multi-material,
multi-source management approach is usually effective in
environmental and economic terms than a material
specific and source specific approach. Specific wastes
should be dealt within such a system but in separate
streams . An effective waste management system includes
one or more of the following options:
 Waste collection and transportation.
 (b) Resource recovery through sorting and
recycling i.e. recovery of materials (such as
paper, glass, metals) etc. through separation.
 (c) Resource recovery through waste processing
i.e. recovery of materials (such as compost) or
recovery of energy through biological, thermal or
other processes.
 (d) Waste transformation (without recovery of
resources) i.e. reduction of volume, toxicity or
other physical/chemical properties of waste to
make it suitable for final disposal.
 (e)Disposal on land i.e. environmentally safe and
sustainable disposal in landfills.
The activities associated with the management of
municipal solid wastes from the point of
Functional generation to final disposal can be grouped into
the six functional elements:
Elements of • (a) waste generation;
Municipal • (b) waste handling and sorting, storage, and processing at the
source;
Solid Waste • (c) collection;
• (d) sorting, processing and transformation;
Management • (e) transfer and transport;
• (f) disposal.
Waste Handling, Sorting, Storage, and
Processing at the Source:
 The second of the six functional elements in the solid
waste management system is waste handling, sorting,
storage, and processing at the source. Waste handling and
sorting involves the activities associated with
management of wastes until they are placed in storage
containers for collection. Handling also encompasses the
movement of loaded containers to the point of collection.
Sorting of waste components is an important step in the
handling and storage of solid waste at the source.
functional
 For example, the best place
to separate waste materials
for reuse and recycling is at
the source of generation.
Households are becoming
more aware of the
importance of separating
newspaper and cardboard,
bottles/glass, kitchen wastes
and ferrous and non-ferrous
materials.
The functional element of transfer and
transport involves two steps:
(i) the transfer of wastes from the smaller

Transfer and collection vehicle to the larger transport
equipment and
Transport
(ii) the subsequent transport of the wastes,
usually over long distances, to a
processing or disposal site. The transfer
usually takes place at a transfer station.
Source
 http://cpheeo.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files
/chap2.pdf
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-
and-planetary-sciences/waste-processing
Thanks for
atention

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PROCESSİNG OF

(f) fires within the waste dump

(h) epidemics through stray animals

(i) acidity to surrounding soil and

(j) release of green house gas

(i) the transfer of wastes from the smaller

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