Tell me about yourself, experience and roles and Responsibilities?

Which version of MuleSoft you worked?

what is the difference between web services and restful services?

Web service is generic term which used to refer the service/API which available in the web. Web service can be http web service or SOAP web service or REST
web service.
RESTful services – an architectural style which used to expose the service in http/https(s) using REST/JSON or REST/xml format

Difference between Http requestor and router?

Http Requestor used to invoke external http web service.
Router – This used to route the message based on conditional routing. Example: Choice

How you start the Flow when you get the requirement? what are factors you will consider?
When we start the new flow, we will consider the following.
What’s the source system?
What’s the target system?
What’s the mapping when we need to while connecting the system?
What data format we need to change
What’s the file size and do we need to batch
Serial processing / concurrent processing required
How do we need to handle error?

what is Active MQ? why we use Active MQ?

Active MQ acts a broker to achieve publish/message pattern using JMS
It act as a JMS layer for messaging which we can publish and subscribe the messages from the topic or queues.

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How you will use Data base functions in your project?
We can add database module to configure the database connection and use database related operations like select,insert,update, etc.,

what are the methods developed in your project?

Get, Post , Put

what is Orchestration Layer in your project?

Orchestration layer is used to compose multiple components. Its used to combine the database from different system such as CRM, SAP and etc.,

Explain about the Data wave, have you used Java coding in Data wave?
Dataweave is MuleSoft expression language for accessing and transforming data that travels through a Mule app.
This helps to modify and process the data.

How you will create project using RAML?

Create a project and select API file (REST) specification while creating the project and it creates the project with required REST router kit.

what is REST API? why we use REST API’s?

REST is architectural style used to expose http method such as get/post/delete/put etc., its lightweight and we can retrieve the response faster.

Can you explain some the connectors used in your project?

I have used AWS S3 connector to connect S3 storage to receive the file.
I have used database connector to connect the data base.
I have used http request connector to invoke REST based web service
I have used SOAP connector to consume SOAP based WS.

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How you apply the policies in your project?
Create API in API Manager in any point platform and take a note of API discovery id.
In the API, add the policy which are required
Create project using API in Any point studio.
Add auto discovery configuration and provide the details of API discovery id.
Execute the project; Now API will become active in any point platform. whenever request comes to the Mule app and it apply the policy and then it will
allow the request to proceed further based on policy we applied.

How you will deploy the API's?

From any point studio->Any point platform->Deploy into Cloudhub

How DB is working in background in your project?

We have added database module and invoking the required select service to retrieve the records from table and also we have exposed those information
in get service in http listener.

How you validate the RAML and Explain about the RAML Flow?
When we actually create project using RAML file in any point studio, it also creates the API console and REST router kit. Whenever request received to
the flow, it goes to the api console and validate the configuration what we have specified in the RAML specification.

Have you used Java in your project? where you have used
For Existing methods which already developed.

How you use the Process API in your project?

Process APIs are invoked from Experience layer. This generally receives the common data model / canonical document and in turn invokes system api.

Explain about the POSTMAN?

Post man is http rest client which acts as a testing tool to run the Mule app which is running with method http/https.

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Have you ever built API'S alone?
Yes. I have built the API using design certner-> RAML specification.

What is Scatter-Gather?
Scatter gather, receive the requests and it sends the same data /payload to all flows which are available in the scatter gather scope and its works in parallel.

Difference Between For-each and batch processing

For each to process each messages in the array/collection in the sequential order
Batch to process each messages in the array/collection in the concurrent/parrallel order

How to transform csv file into json using data weave?

In the dataweave expression, provide the syntax as application/JSON, it will automatically convert the csv to JSON

API LED connectivity

This term used to expose everything as API. Connect all application as a API

What are the scopes

For Each
Flow
Subflow
Try
What is caching and why do we use it?
Caching used to cache the data which we can be reused later. Its used to take the reusable configuration/data from the memory instead of file system.

How to handle errors?

We can handle the error by adding error handling flow in the same mule app or global mule app configuration.

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what kind of operations you are going to perform by using database connector?
Select
Insert, update, delete
Store procedure call

what is exact functionality of the database connector in the MuleSoft?

It is to connect to different database so that we can connect and retrieve / process the records to database.

What is the meaning of auto discovery?

Autodiscovery is a feature used to link the Mule app with the API available in the API manager in the anypoint platform using auto discovery id of API.

what is the use of Rate Limiting policy,

It limits the number of requests.

Fragments:
API fragmentation used to specific/create the reusable blocks, so that same fragments can be referred from the multiple flow.

RAML
What is traits in RAML?
Fragments: Instead of including all code in one RAML file, you can modularize it and compose it of reusable fragments (examples).
Traits: Traits is like function and is used to define common attributes for HTTP method (GET, PUT, POST, PATCH, DELETE, etc) such as whether or not
they are filterable, searchable, or pageable.
Traits can be called by resources using the "is" keyword.
is: [responseMessage]
more details available at https://dzone.com/articles/understanding-resourcetypes-and-traits-with-raml

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If we wanted to process only one message at a time in mule flow how can we achieve that?

            we can make a flow to process in single thread, there is an option to define the Max Concurrency  you can configure the same as 1 to   process
only one message at a time

How can you process message asynchronously in Mule Soft?

Async scope

What are various types of error handling in Mule 4?

on-error-continue and on-error-propagate.

Why we use Batch Aggregator scope

Batch Aggregator scope is used to accumulate a subset of records from a batch step and process them to external source or service for example rather than
processing single record to target system you can use batch aggregate to process all the records at once

How we will access the properly value in dataweave

p(‘<propertyname>') – to access the property from configuration

p(‘secure::<propertyname>') – to access the property from configuration

How do we store the encrypted value in the configuration file

key=![encrypted content goes here ]

How the keys are fetched from the configuration file.

${key}
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What Is Payload In Mule? Answer: 
The content of a message, also known as the payload

What are the information available in Mule Event

Mule Message (Payload, Attributes), Variables, Error

What is Anypoint Exchange in MuleSoft?

Anypoint Exchange provides the benefit of being able to discover, share, and incorporate assets and resources into your applications.
What are the different types of APIs in API led architecture

Experience API
Process API
System API

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What are deployment options available in MuleSoft?
•Cloud hub
•On-premise
•Runtime Fabric(RTF)
•Anypoint PCE(Anypoint Private Cloud Edition)
•Anypoint PCF(Anypoint Platform for Pivotal Cloud Foundry)

What is Cloudhub?
Cloudhub is an (IPass) Integrated platform as a service which is multitenant, secure, highly available service where we can deploy our integration application on
also integrate on-premise application with cloud services

How many ways you can deploy application on Cloudhub?

Anypoint Studio
Runtime Manager
Anypoint CLI
Cloudhub API

What is persistent queue?

Persistent queues also guarantee delivery of your messages; even if one or more workers or datacenters go down, persistent queues facilitate disaster
recovery and provide resilience to hardware or application failures.

What is RTF (Run time Fabric)?

Anypoint Runtime Fabric is a container service that automates the deployment and orchestration of your Mule applications Runtime Fabric runs on
customer-managed infrastructure on AWS, Azure, virtual machines (VMs).

What is API Portal in MuleSoft?

API Portal allows providers to expose and publicise their APIs, educate developers communities about them, provision user access generate client keys
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Explain ESB Integration core principles?

Transformation 
Mediation 

What is scheduler Endpoint?

Scheduler Endpoint is a MuleSoft component or middleware are working on time-based conditions. It allows the user to trigger whenever this
condition is met.

What is Choice Router?

Choice Router dynamically routes messages using a flow. It is based on a set of DataWeave expressions to evaluate the message content.

Explain VM transport in MuleSoft

The VM (Virtual Machine) transport is a special type of transport that can be used to send a message via memory.

What is API?
APIs provides product or service to communicate with other products and services without having to know how they're implemented.

Private Flow: a flow that does not have source. This means a private flow cannot start of its own on receiving the inbound message as it does not
have an inbound connector, A private flow can only be called using flow-ref same as sub-flow.

Transform Message
A transformer takes care of translating the content of a message from one form to another.

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What are the advantages of REST

Fast
Different data format like XML, JSON
Language and platform independent.

MuleSoft Anypoint Studio- Initial setup error.

Java Path error
Tooling instance error.

Explain few Http Status Codes:

200 - OK
201- CREATED
202 - Accepted
400 – Bad request
401-Unauthorized
404 – Not found
429 – Too many requests

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What is ObjectStore v2
Cloud Hub applications store data and states across batch processes, Mule components and applications, from within an application or by
using the Object Store REST API.

In the Mule project where the package dependencies details are stored.
POM. XML file

How to access query Parameters and other attributes?

Attributes.queryParams.number1

What is API first Approach

Design the API using specification (ex: RAML) and use that specification to Implement the flow.

How to see the logs on cloud hub ?

Anypoint platform->Runtime Manager-> choose your application -> click Logs

What is Munit?
MUnit is a Mule application testing framework that allows you to easily build automated tests for your integrations and APIs.

What is Anypoint Design Center ?

is a development environment that consists of two tools:
API Designer
Flow Designer
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What is VPC
The Anypoint Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) offering allows you to create a virtual, private, and isolated network segment in the cloud to host your
CloudHub workers. Customer can choose which region they need their VPC.

What is Any Point MQ

Anypoint MQ is a multi-tenant, cloud messaging service that enables customers to perform advanced asynchronous messaging scenarios between
their applications. Anypoint MQ is fully integrated with Anypoint Platform, offering role-based access control, client management, and
connectors.
Supports – FIFO (First in First out), Exchange (topics)
We can use Message browser UI to view the messages.

How will we identify ESB is needed in a project?

• Implementation of ESB is not suitable for all the projects. We should analyze is really ESB is required here or not. You need to analyze by
taking below points into consideration:
• In the project, require 2 or more applications and services to be integrated and there must be a need to communicate between the
applications.
• If there is plan of interacting with more applications and Services in the future then we can go with Mule ESB because it is highly
scalable.

How do you draw architecture diagram in your enterprise and what are the diagram which you draw
• Tools: Confluence – Gliffy diagram , Archimate, Draw.io, SmartDraw
• Diagrams: Sequence, Flow, Activity, Deployment

What is layered Architecture? (Software Architecture Pattern)

It is the organization of the project structure into four main categories: presentation, application, domain, and infrastructure. Each of
the layers contains objects related to the particular concern it represents.

Mule soft use 3 layered architecture – Experience, Process , System API

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What is Application Networks
Set of Application is talking to Set of Applications called Application Networks

What is Business Groups

Business groups are self-contained resource groups that contain Anypoint Platform resources such as APIs and applications. Business groups
provide a way to separate and control access to Anypoint Platform resources, as users have access only to the business groups in which they
have a role.

What is Control plane and What is run time plane.

Any Point Platform – Control Plane

Mule Runtime – Run Plane

What is connector?
Connector is a module which talks to external system. If its not available in the module, then it needs to be download it from Exchange. Its
better to download it from Exchange, so that we can get the latest version.

Where do you add documentation in Mule application?

Mule Flow properties - > Notes section

What is DataSense ?
Data Sense is a feature of Anypoint Studio that uses Mule event metadata to help you design applications. Rather than forcing you to manually
discover this metadata, Anypoint Studio automatically acquires it so that you can map or use this data in your application.

How will you get the current date/time in Data weave (DW)
now()
Sample result : "2020-09-17T04:39:45.129Z"
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What is Thru MFT
Thru MFT is third party Managed File transfer framework certified by Mule Soft. We can use Thru MFT connector to send/receive the files Thru MFT
for processing.

What are the things called Transactions

Object Store – No transaction
Database connector – Transactions -- Advanced Tab Transaction action
JMS Connector – Transactions
If connector has tranactions then it supports transaction management.
Bitronix Transaction Manager allows Mule to automatically recover interrupted transactions on restart.

Why Socket module gets added by Default while creating new project.
It needs by HTTP

What is Any Point CLI?

Anypoint Platform provides a scripting and command-line tool for both Anypoint Platform and Anypoint Platform Private Cloud Edition (Anypoint
Platform PCE). 

What is target Variables in Mule4?

Target Variable is used to store the contents of service call. In mule3, this is Enricher

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Mule Domain project
When you deploy Mule on premises, you can define global configurations such as default error handlers, shared properties, scheduler pools,
and connector configurations to be shared among all applications deployed under the same domain. To do so, create a Mule domain and then
reference it from each application.

AnyPoint Visualizer
Displays views of different aspects of an application network graph. You can use the graph to explore your application network. To see how
the transaction going inside your application.

AnyPoint API community Manager

Enriched design with API for developer portal.

CloudHub Workers
Applications on CloudHub are run by one or more instances of Mule, called workers. Each worker is a dedicated instance of Mule that runs
your integration application. We can specify worker size (0.1vcore = 500 MB Heap memory, 8 GB storage)

What is Edge Policy

To protect all of the mule apps proxies – Denial of Service (DOS) - used in Runtime fabric deployment Architecture.

What is Edge Tokenization Policy

This policy calls the service to tokenize the data before giving to actual mule application.
Ex: masking credit cards, social security numbers

Mule 4 mule-artifact.json file

- Information about Your Apps like required mule version, secure properties if any.

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Some important Links
https://docs.mulesoft.com/ -- Documentation
http://help.mulesoft.com/  Forum
https://help.mulesoft.com/s/ideas - To post ideas
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/ - To know upcoming MuleSoft meetups

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How to invoke mule flow - asynchronous
1) Publish-subscribe pattern using VM/JMS/Anypoint MQ
2) Async scope-Async can be used to do the processing in parallel with the main flow, it can be used to process the time consuming operations that does not expec
a response back

How will you combine 2 arrays into single array in MuleSoft?

You can use flatten dataweave function to combine two arrays in to single array

What is the difference – mule3 vs mule4? This question might come when you worked in both version!
Mule event structure got changed
Variables (flow, session, record var) changed to 1 variable.
Mule3 – we use enricher, and Mule4 it is target variable

How we store environment level properties?

Global properties in Studio and we can override properties value in runtime manager in anypoint platform.

How do you call store procedure in database from mule?

Connector->Database->Stored procedure

How do we store data in variable in mule4?

We can use ‘set variable’ to store the data

We are using post method to send the data to mule flow from restclient/postman, but we are not sending any data in the payload
while sending the request ? What will happen to your flow?
Mule flow will receive your request with empty payload and also with other http related attributes/headers

Mule flow is defined to accept only post method. But source is sending the request to your endpoint using get method.
Method not allowed for endpoint: <endpoint name> with http status 405 Method Not allowed.
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How to do string to integer conversion and send it back to source as integer ?
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
{
"inta" : attributes.queryParams.inta ,
"intb" : attributes.queryParams.intb ,
"result" : ((attributes.queryParams.inta as Number) + (attributes.queryParams.intb as Number) )
}

Input:
localhost:8081/demo?inta=22&intb=11
Output:
{
    "inta": "22",
    "intb": "11",
    "result": 33
}

What is the use of reduce, map, spilitBy, pluck in Mule4 Dataweave?

What is the use of GroupBy, OrderBy, distinctBy in Mule4 Dataweave?

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What is the advantage of MuleSoft
•Very lightweight but highly scalable. 
•Ability to integrate and connect over the vast range of application network.
• Reusability of Components 

How to invoke the Custom Java Class from inside a dataweave?

%dw 2.0
Import java!com.mycompany::classname
output application/json
---
{
a: classname::methodName("myString")
}

How to call Flow from inside a dataweave?

lookup(“flowname”, payload)

What kind of development guideline/best practices happen In your mule project?

•Do not save the Payload in to the flow Variable as it is more memory consuming element.
•Keep the server details, port, server credentials in the configuration file instead of hard coding.
•All the password needs to be encrypted (use secure property)
•Create reusable assets across teams and projects.
•Breakdown large application flows into smaller flows
•Naming convention to be followed for application name, components.
•http response code should be mapped property as per http standards.
•Recommended to use latest version of the connector.
•There shouldn’t be any unused var/code inside mule project.
•Reprocessing connection strategy should be defined properly.
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Mule Project/application Structure

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In which scenario, we will use SFTP connector vs File connector
SFTP Connector:
When we want mule application to receive data from one external/internal system/partners.

File connector:
Handles files (read,write,list,copy,move) and folders on a locally mounted file system

When we should use batch processing

Handling large quantities of incoming data into a different systems
What are the different steps available in Batch job
Process records
On complete

What are the different steps available in Batch Step

Processor
Aggregator

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What kind of response we can expect from Async scope?
There wont be any response coming back to main flow

How we can secure mule application ?

We can use/enforce runtime API policies like Basic Authentication, client-id, Secret, OAuth, Rate Limiting, Quota to secure mule application.

What is custom policies in mule4?

Custom policies are policies that anyone can develop and apply to their APIs, with the intention of extending existing functionality or defining new
ones.

What is full form of RAML?

Restful API Modelling Language

What is Custom business event?

Mule applications collect business event information (such as transaction execution time, errors, success or failure results, and message payload
information) about flows and message processors that handle your business transactions.
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What is raise error?

We can use this component to throw an error.

What is scatter gather. What will happen one of flow is failing in scatter gather in Mule4. How can we handle it.
Scatter-Gather executes concurrently.
All the failed and successful payload available at the end of the scatter gather. We can use the payload 0 1 and so on.

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What is reconnection strategy in mule?
When an operation in a Mule application fails to connect to an external server, the default behavior is for the operation
to fail immediately and return a connectivity error (FTP:CONNECTIVITY, HTTP:CONNECTIVITY, or DB:CONNECTIVITY)
You can configure a reconnection strategy for an operation either by modifying the operation properties or by modifying the configuration of the
global element for the operation. For example, you can configure a reconnection strategy in an HTTP Request configuration: None (Default
behaviour, Standard (set the number of reconnection attempts and interval). For ever(Attempts to reconnect continually at a given interval))

What is reduce operation in mule4?

Reduce operation can be used to process an array and operate on each of its elements. It performs an aggregation operation on the elements of an
array.
This example returns the sum of the numeric values in the first input array.
Ex:
[2, 3] reduce ($ + $$)
Ans:5

[2, 3] reduce ($$ ++ $)

Ans: 23

What is the purpose of APIKit Router?

In API implementation, Mule provides APIkit Router for routing messages, validating payloads, headers, query-params, and URI-params against the
RAML.

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What is watermark in mule?
Watermark stores the current/last picked up “record id.” If the Mule application is shut down, it will store the last picked up
“record id” in the Java Object Store and the data will continue to exist in the file. This watermark functionality is valuable and
enables developers to have increased transparency

What is Auto Delete property in file connector?

True, automatically deletes the file from the source.
False, it will not delete the file from source.

What is filter in Dataweave?

Filter -> To filter over array of objects

What is filterObject in Dataweave?

Filter on single object, then use filterObject

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Common/Frequently Asked Interview
Questions-MuleSoft

Refresh your knowledge on the following topics.

 Any Point Platform/ Cloud hub

 On-Premise
 Any Point Studio
 General

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Any Point Platform/Cloud Hub
Cloudhub worker
A mule runtime instance deployed in Cloudhub (which runs in an EC2 instance)

Object store v2 service

Cloudhub hosted object store that is separate from the workers so that it survives restarts.

What is cloudhub DLB (Dedicated Load Balancer)

Also called as vanity domains. CloudHub dedicated load balancers (DLBs) are an optional component of Anypoint Platform that enable you
to route external HTTP and HTTPS traffic to multiple Mule applications deployed to CloudHub workers in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).

Can cloudhub support domains? Can Runtime Fabric support domains?

No

If I wanted cloudhub to integrate with splunk/elk?

Custom log appender for the app (log4j config)

What is cloudhub SLB (shared load balancer)

Included "for free" with any cloudhub app deployment, uses a mulesoft certificate and cannot support "vanity domains“

Organisation
Top level, one per customer. Link to external identity provider (open id connect, SAML 2.0)

Business group
It comes under an organisation (or business group). Can be used for mini orgs within the overall org. LOB or region specific/autonomy, each
need different users/roles/environments

What is Identity management

who has ability to sign into anypoint platform.

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What is VPC ? (virtual private cloud)
AWS term for a network segment which can be connected to other VPC.

Exchange is used for?

Assets that relate to mule/Anypoint platform (e.g. api defintions, connectors/modules, custom policies)

Supported API definition languages on Anypoint

RAML (YAML), OAS (JSON or YAML) – Open API Spec

What will be the Cloudhub logging limitations

100mb or 30days

What is Anypoint CLI?

Command line interface to execute the commands in anypoint platform.

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On-Premise / Customer Hosted
Environment
What is Mule cluster
This is mainly for customer hosted clustering where we can load balance servers.
It uses hazel cast clustering to share the data across clusters.

Why we would use domains?

To avoid port conflicts for listeners, define a config in just one place (vs in all the apps on the same server)

Key difference with customer-hosted vs cloudhub/RTF deployments of application

Multiple apps on the same mule runtime

Downside of sharing mule runtime with multiple apps?

memory sharing, disk/io, one failure point impacts many apps, CPU shared

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AnyPoint Studio
Until successful
keeps re-executing whatever is inside it while it keeps erroring.

First successful
Fails over to other child routes if it gets a failure.

Try scope
allows catching errors

On error continue scope

Error handling scope that reports a success after executing all components within its scope

On error propagate scope

Error handling scope that reports an error/failure after executing all components within its scope

Round robin
Load balance by cycling through routes

Scheduler
Fixed schedule or CRON syntax scheduler - kicks off a flow as an event source

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Transform message
Transform data from one to another style can be for payload, attribute or payload

Batch job
allows processing of thousands+ messages through a set of steps using many threads

Batch aggregator
allows chunking of the records to do bulk operations or streaming

Batch step
defines one part of the sequence of processing that a record will go through. Note: each record will go through these in order.

Transactionally aware connectors?

JDBC, VM, JMS (also others: IBM Mq series)

Secure properties
To secure properties in mule configurations

Streaming in mule 4
This will help to stream large XML.

Watermark
last retrieved id/date/some value which we can store it and we can use the value at the next time to retrieve the delta from the next time.

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General
EDA - Event driven architecture
Publishing and subscribing to events

What might be suitable for ETL for large data sets

Batch jobs -> with a set of steps to do the load/error handling

Splunk/elk
This is for log consumption and reporting/search/dashboarding for your logs. Logs from lots of systems/infra brought
together.

Maven
build, test, deployment (cloudhub, RTF, on-prem)

What is HA ?
Highly Available

What is persistent vs non-persistent object store?

non-persistent means data stored in memory, persistent means, it stored disk and Data will survive even after restarts.

Triggering a flow to pick up a file - options?

on new file listener, to schedule and receive and process the files.

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What is the development methodology used in your project?
Based on your project, explain one of the following approach.
1) Waterfall development method

Many consider the waterfall method to be the most traditional software

development method. The waterfall method is a rigid linear model that consists
of sequential phases (requirements, design, implementation, verification,
maintenance) focusing on distinct goals. Each phase must be 100% complete
before the next phase can start. There’s usually no process for going back to
modify the project or direction.

Roles : Project Manager, Team Lead, Developer, Tester

2. Agile development methodology

Teams use the agile development methodology to minimize risk (such as bugs,
cost overruns, and changing requirements) when adding new functionality. In all
agile methods, teams develop the software in iterations that contain mini-
increments of the new functionality
Roles : ProductOwner, Scurm Master, Scurm Team
Other scrum terminologies:
Sprint – generally 2 weeks.
User story, scrum meetings (demo,retrospective)
What is monolithic Architecture: In layman terms, you can say that its similar to a big container wherein all the
software components of an application are assembled together and tightly packaged.
Example Mule Runtime in On-premise instance.

What is Microservices - also known as the microservice architecture - is an architectural style that structures an

application as a collection of services that are. Highly maintainable and testable. Loosely coupled. Independently
deployable. Organized around business capabilities.

Example: application is running in cloudhub. Each worker will have one application and its independent.