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    Chapter 19. Sexually Transmitted Infections

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    Zin Lim
    This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It begins by outlining learning objectives about recognizing common STIs, their causative organisms, those at risk, diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies. It then provides a general introduction on how STIs are acquired and have increased in incidence. The document further discusses prevention and control methods, clinical manifestations, and then provides detailed sections on common STIs like syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, and HIV/AIDS. It concludes by covering pubic lice.

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    Chapter 19. Sexually Transmitted Infections

    Uploaded by

    Zin Lim
    214 views19 pages
    This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It begins by outlining learning objectives about recognizing common STIs, their causative organisms, those at risk, diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies. It then provides a general introduction on how STIs are acquired and have increased in incidence. The document further discusses prevention and control methods, clinical manifestations, and then provides detailed sections on common STIs like syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, and HIV/AIDS. It concludes by covering pubic lice.

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    This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It begins by outlining learning objectives about recognizing common STIs, their causative organisms, those at risk, diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies. It then provides a general introduction on how STIs are acquired and have increased in incidence. The document further discusses prevention and control methods, clinical manifestations, and then provides detailed sections on common STIs like syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, and HIV/AIDS. It concludes by covering pubic lice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    214 views19 pages

    Chapter 19. Sexually Transmitted Infections

    Uploaded by

    Zin Lim
    This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It begins by outlining learning objectives about recognizing common STIs, their causative organisms, those at risk, diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies. It then provides a general introduction on how STIs are acquired and have increased in incidence. The document further discusses prevention and control methods, clinical manifestations, and then provides detailed sections on common STIs like syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, and HIV/AIDS. It concludes by covering pubic lice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Learning Objectives

    1. Recognize the common sexually transmitted diseases


    2. Describe characteristics of the causative organisms of each sexually transmitted
    infection (STI)
    3. Identify the individuals at risk of sexually transmitted infections
    4. Determine the appropriate laboratory diagnosis and treatment of each infection
    5. Discuss the global strategy for the prevention and control or sexually transmitted
    infections
    General Introduction

     Incidence increased tremendously through the years


     Affected adolescents and adults
     Four ways the infections are acquired
    1. Unprotected sex
    2. Skin to skin contact with the genital area
    3. Blood transfusion
    4. Perinatal transmission through transplacental transfer or during childbirth
     Individuals at risk are those who engage in unprotected sex
    Prevention and Control of STIs

     Practice of safe sex


     Avoid sharing of needles, as well as getting tattoos, body piercings, or
    acupuncture treatments
     Screening of blood donors
     Available vaccines for HPV and Hepatitis B virus
     Two strategies by WHO for the prevention and control of STIs
    1. Technical which involves methods of use of protective barriers, promotion of sexual
    behavior, accessibility to effective care system, and improved monitoring, evaluation
    and control
    2. Advocacy
    Clinical Manifestations of STIs

     Skin Lesions
    1. Ulcerative Lesions
    a) Chancre
    b) Chancroid
    c) Genital herpes
    2. Granulomatous reactions
    3. Rashes
    4. Warty Lesions
     Discharge
    1. Vaginal Discharge
    a) Trichomonas vaginalis
    b) Neisseria gonorrhea
    c) Candida albicans
    2. Urethral discharge
    COMMON STIS
    Syphilis
     Cause
     Caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete with fine regular coils and tapered ends,
    Sensitive to oxygen and cannot be grown in cell-free culture medium
     Modes of Transmission: Direct sexual contact, Congenitally and Blood
    transfusion
     Clinical Findings
    1. Adult syphilis
    2. Congenital syphilis
     Laboratory Diagnosis
     Treatment and Prevention
    COMMON STIS
    Gonorrhea
     Cause and Inroduction
     Caused by Neisseria gonorrheae, a gram-negative diplococci
     Females are asymptomatic carriers
     Clinical Findings
    1. Gonorrhea infection in males
    2. Gonorrhea infection in females
    3. Disseminated infections
     Laboratory Diagnosis
     Treatment and Prevention
    COMMON STIS
    Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
     Cause and Inroduction
     Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, an
    obligate intracellular bacteria that do not have
    cell walls
     Clinical Findings
    1. Urogenital tract infections
    2. Lymphogranuloma venereum
     Laboratory Diagnosis
     Treatment and Prevention
    COMMON STIS
    Chancroid
     Cause and Inroduction
     Etiologic agent is Haemophilus
    ducreyi, a gram-negative
    coccobacillus
     Clinical Findings Figure 19.5
     Laboratory Diagnosis
     Treatment and Prevention
    COMMON STIS
    Genital Herpes
     Cause and Inroduction
     Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus
    (HSV), a DNA virus
     Modes of Transmission
     Clinical Findings
     Laboratory Diagnosis
     Treatment and Prevention
    COMMON STIS
    Condylomata Acuminata
     Cause and Inroduction
     Caused by Human
    papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA
    virus
     Clinical Findings
     Laboratory Diagnosis
     Treatment and Prevention
    COMMON STIS
    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
     Cause and Inroduction
     Caused by Human Immunodeficiency
    Virus (HIV), a RNA virus
     Modes of Transmission
     Clinical Findings
     Laboratory Diagnosis
     Treatment and Prevention
    COMMON STIS
    Pediculosis Pubis (Pubic lice or crabs)

     Etiologic Agent: Phthirus pubis, a


    RNA virus
     Modes of Transmission
     Clinical Findings
     Laboratory Diagnosis
     Treatment and Prevention

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