WATEEr

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Name-Arav Agarwal

Class-VI Sec-A

Subject-Chemistry

Topic-Water
Sources Of Water
On The Earth Surface:

Snow Frost: In The Solid State, Snow And Frost Are The Natural
Form Of Water Present.
Rain Water: The Purest Form Of Natural Water Almost Free From
Impurities Is Rain Water
River Water: It Is One Of The Impure Form Of Natural Water Since
Most Of
The Surface Water Enters Into River Water. It Contains Impurities
Such As Sand Particles , Organic Matter ,Bacteria, Mineral Salt
Which Dissolve After Soil Erosion And Dissolve Gases.
Sea Water: The Most Impure Form Of Natural Water Containing
Over 3% Soluble Salt Including Sodium Chloride .It Also Contains
Salts Of Calcium And Magnesium
LAKE WATER :It Is Another Impure Form Of Natural Water Which
Also Contains Impurities And Other Soluable Salts.
Below The Surface-

1-well Water- Impervious Rocky Layer , of The Earth Surface Is


Well Water Which Contains Soluble Impurities.
2-spring Water- Natural Water Accumulated Above The Rocky
Layers On The Earth Which Forcefully Comes Out Under Pressure
From The Earths Surface Is Spring Water And Contains Soluble
Salts And Minerals.
Importance Of Water
Life Processes-
Water Is Used By All Plants, Animals And Humans For Carrying Out Various
Metabolic Processes Including Photosynthesis By Plants And Excretion By
Animals And Humans.
Household-
Water Finds Numerous Applications Such As Watering Plants, Washing
Clothes. Cooking , bathing , cleaning etc.
Fire Fighting-
For Extinguishing Fires Either Directly Er As A Constituent In A Fire
Extinguisher.
Transportation-
Serves As A Means Of Transporting Goods,via Ships.
Water Serves As A Habitat For Marine Life I.E. Preferred Place For An
Organism To Live..
Water Generates Electricity In Hydroelectric Power Stations.
It Generates Steam In Boilers, Used For Various Industrial Purposes.
Water Finds Application In Chemicals Other Industries For Cooling And
Cleaning Operations.
Water Finds Importance In Irrigation. Production Of Crops And As A Medium
For Spraying Pesticides.
Water Cycle
The Water Cycle Balances
The Water In Nature And
Helps To Regulate Weather
Conditions On Earth.

It Is The Process of Water


Going From The Surface To
The Atmosphere And Back
To The Surface
Water As A Solvent
Water- A Universal Solvent
1- Large Number Of Substances ,
dissolve In Water . Example-salts 2-
Similarly A Large Number Of Gases
Also Dissolve In Water . Example-
Oxygen
3-hence Water Dissolves Almost Every
Common Substance And Therefore
Water Is Called A Universal Solvent.
Potable Water
The Term-
Water Which Is Fit For Human Consumption And For Drinking
Purposes Is Called Potable Water.
Characteristics Of Potable Water-
1- It Should Be Clear And Colourless.
2- It Should Not Contain Any Harmful germs Or Bacteria.
3- It Should Be Free From Salts Which Endanger Human Life
Such As-nitrates
4- It Should Have A Good Taste As Taste In Water Is Due To
Small Amounts Of Dissolved Gases And Minerals In Water.
Water Which Is Not
Potable-
1- Distilled Water- It Is Completely Free
From Dissolved Salts And Hence When
Consumed Will Tend To Dissolve Essential
Salts From The Human Body.

2- Sea Water- It Is The Most Impure Form


Of Water And Contains A High Percentage
Of Dissolved Salts . In Addition It Also
Contains Salts Of Calcium And
Magnesium . Hence It Is Unsuitable For
Drinking Purposes
Purification Plant
1- In Cities, Water Is Received From Rivers
And Lakes And May Not Be Potable.(In
Homes Boiling Of Water May Help To Kill
Germs And Bacteria To A Certain Extent.)
2- Hence Water Is Purified In A Purification
Plant Before It Enters Individual Homes
Through Water Taps.
Purification Process
Removal Of Suspended Impurities
A) Sedimentation And Decantation
Chemical Used : Alum And Lime
Process Involved :
Alum And Lime Are Added To The Water In The
Sedimentation Tank . They Coagulate The Suspended
Impurities Which Soon Settle Down.
B) Filtration
Chemical Used : Sand And Gravel
Process Involved :
The Water After Sedimentation Is Passed Through Beds Of
Sand And Gravel.
The Sand And Gravel Layers Remove The Remaining
Suspended Impurities. Micro-organisms And Impure Water
Remains Behind In The Filtration Tank. Removal Of
Harmful Germs
C)Chlorination-
Chemical Used-Chlorine And Bleaching Powder
Process Involved-Chlorine Is Added In The Tank To Kill The
Germs . Then The Water Passes Into The Overhead Tank And
Then Enters Houses . The Process To Remove Germs Is Also
Called Sterilization
Water Pollution
Water Pollution is The Process Of Contamination Of
Water By Various Pollutants Ex-Bacteria, Viruses and
Industrial Chemicals

A)Chemical Pollution
1)Chemical Pollution-Mercury And Lead-
Devastation Of Marine Life
2)Agriculture-Fungicides And Insecticides

B)Thermal Pollution-Water from Boilers-


Enhanced Growth Of Bacteria

C)Disease Causing Pollutants-Human,Animal


Excreta-Growth Of Water Borne Diseases
Water Conservation
A) Need For Conservation
1 In spite Of Large Quantities Of Water On The Earth Surface
Only A Small Percentage Is Potable Water Fit For Human
Consumption And Household Purposes.
2 The Need For Water Is Ever Increasing And Hence All
Sources Of Water Need To Be Conserved.
B) Me t hods Of Conservation Of Water
3 Recycle Water May Be Used In Industries And In Agriculture.
4 Dams May Be Constructed For Adequate Collection Of
Water
5 Drip Irrigation In Agriculture Utilizes Supply Of Water In
Small Quantities
6 Pollution Of River Water Must Be Checked By Cleaning
Rivers On A Nation Wide Basis

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