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    Common Commands and Utilities

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    Abdelilah Abdelilah
    This document discusses several Linux commands and utilities including: - File navigation commands like cd, ls, grep, cat and file manipulation commands like chown, chmod, mkdir. - Process monitoring and control commands like ps, kill, top, nice, renice and information in the /proc directory. - File systems - their purpose and common types like ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT, NTFS. Tools to view file systems include df. - Partitioning with fdisk and formatting file systems with mkfs. - Standard Linux directory structure and locations like /bin, /boot, /etc, /home, /usr, /var.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Common Commands and Utilities

    Uploaded by

    Abdelilah Abdelilah
    31 views14 pages
    This document discusses several Linux commands and utilities including: - File navigation commands like cd, ls, grep, cat and file manipulation commands like chown, chmod, mkdir. - Process monitoring and control commands like ps, kill, top, nice, renice and information in the /proc directory. - File systems - their purpose and common types like ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT, NTFS. Tools to view file systems include df. - Partitioning with fdisk and formatting file systems with mkfs. - Standard Linux directory structure and locations like /bin, /boot, /etc, /home, /usr, /var.

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    97dd6d27f6a33546ca97302796d14c3f Common Commands and Utilities

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    This document discusses several Linux commands and utilities including: - File navigation commands like cd, ls, grep, cat and file manipulation commands like chown, chmod, mkdir. - Process monitoring and control commands like ps, kill, top, nice, renice and information in the /proc directory. - File systems - their purpose and common types like ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT, NTFS. Tools to view file systems include df. - Partitioning with fdisk and formatting file systems with mkfs. - Standard Linux directory structure and locations like /bin, /boot, /etc, /home, /usr, /var.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views14 pages

    Common Commands and Utilities

    Uploaded by

    Abdelilah Abdelilah
    This document discusses several Linux commands and utilities including: - File navigation commands like cd, ls, grep, cat and file manipulation commands like chown, chmod, mkdir. - Process monitoring and control commands like ps, kill, top, nice, renice and information in the /proc directory. - File systems - their purpose and common types like ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT, NTFS. Tools to view file systems include df. - Partitioning with fdisk and formatting file systems with mkfs. - Standard Linux directory structure and locations like /bin, /boot, /etc, /home, /usr, /var.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    COMMON COMMANDS AND

    UTILITIES
    COMMANDS YOU SHOULD KNOW

    • chown/chmod/mkdir/cd/grep
    • cd /rm/echo/cat/ls/ln/man
    •| > >> < <<
    • grep/more/less
    MAN
    MAN(1) Manual pager utils MAN(1)

    NAME
    man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals

    SYNOPSIS
    man [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L
    locale] [-m system[,...]] [-M path] [-S list] [-e extension] [-i|-I]
    [--regex|--wildcard] [--names-only] [-a] [-u] [--no-subpages] [-P
    pager] [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encoding] [--no-hyphenation] [-p string]
    [-t] [-T[device]] [-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z] [[section] page ...] ...
    man -k [apropos options] regexp ...
    man -K [-w|-W] [-S list] [-i|-I] [--regex] [section] term ...
    man -f [whatis options] page ...
    man -l [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L
    locale] [-P pager] [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encoding] [-p string] [-t]
    [-T[device]] [-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z] file ...
    man -w|-W [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
    man -c [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
    man [-hV]
    PROCESS CONTROL AND MONITORING

    • ps – list processes
    • pstree -Au
    • List out processes and relationships
    • kill/killall
    • top – used to monitor processes and system usage
    NICE AND RENICE

    • nice – allows us to specify the priority of a task being started


    • renice – allows us to specify the priority of a task already started

    • Allowable range -20 to +19 with default value of 0


    • nice -n [+/-#] [CMD]
    /PROC DIRECTORY

    • A set of files that represent the state of the kernel.

    • Great for find info about the system and how its currently configured.
    FILE SYSTEMS

    • What is a file system?


    • What does a file system need to do?
    FILE SYSTEMS

    • What is a file system?


    • Responsible for managing the files on a device.
    • What does a file system need to do?
    • Keep track of where the file is
    • File Length
    • Ownership
    • File name
    • File path
    • File type (block, character, directory, etc.)
    FILE SYSTEM TYPES

    • ext2
    • ext3 – ext2 w/ Journaling
    • ext4
    • resierfs
    • FAT/FAT32/NTFS
    • ISO 9660

    • Can use df -T to determine mounted file systems and their types.


    PARTITION
    • Why do we want partitions?
    • First step: fdisk
    sda (physical hard disk)

    mbr sda1 /boot sda2 /var sda3 /

    • What does fdisk do?


    • fdisk –l

    • Windows:
    \Device\Harddisk0\ (physical hard disk)

    mbr \Device\Harddisk0\Partition0 C:\


    PARTITION
    • Now we format!
    • Does format wipe all of our data?
    sda (physical hard disk)

    mbr sda1 /boot sda2 /var sda3 /

    • mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda2
    • What does this do: mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda
    • Is it valid?
    • Windows corollary: format c:
    • FORMAT volume /FS:filesystem …
    FILE SYSTEM NAVIGATION
    /bin – system binary executables /opt – optional install dir
    /boot – kernel and boot files /proc
    /dev – system devices /root – home dir for root (optional)
    /etc – startup and config files /sbin – binaries for su
    /home – home dir for users /selinux
    /lib – shared libraries (think dll) /sys
    /media – mount for removable media /tmp – temporary files (wiped on restart)
    /mnt - mount /usr – typical installed programs, man
    pages, local files, etc.
    /var – logging, pids, mail

    /usr /var
    --/bin – binary executables --/log
    --/include --/mail
    --/lib --/opt
    --/local – local version of /usr --/run – pids
    --/sbin – binary executables for su --/spool – spools printers, mail, etc.
    --/share --/tmp – non volatile temp
    --/src – shared source code (kernel, etc.)
    FILE TYPES

    • Regular Files
    • Directory
    • Character device file
    • Block device file
    • Local domain socket
    • Named pipe
    • Symbolic Link
    MOUNT

    • mounts a device to a folder to allow access

    • mount -t ext2 /dev/hda2 /boot

    • mount -t ntfs /dev/hdb1 /mnt/win/


    • /mnt/win/Users/Mike/Desktop/rickroll.avi

    • mount /media/cdrom

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