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Topic 2.3 Network Addressing For TCPIP

The document discusses addressing schemes for TCP/IP networks. It explains that IP addresses are 32-bit binary numbers divided into four octets that allow computers to communicate. Subnet masks determine how many IP addresses can be used on a network. The document outlines the structure of IP addresses, with the first part identifying the network and the second identifying the host. It also discusses private and public IP addresses, types of addressing including unicast, multicast and broadcast, and methods for obtaining IP addresses either manually or dynamically through DHCP. Domain Name Service (DNS) is introduced for converting human-readable names to IP addresses.

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44 views33 pages

Topic 2.3 Network Addressing For TCPIP

The document discusses addressing schemes for TCP/IP networks. It explains that IP addresses are 32-bit binary numbers divided into four octets that allow computers to communicate. Subnet masks determine how many IP addresses can be used on a network. The document outlines the structure of IP addresses, with the first part identifying the network and the second identifying the host. It also discusses private and public IP addresses, types of addressing including unicast, multicast and broadcast, and methods for obtaining IP addresses either manually or dynamically through DHCP. Domain Name Service (DNS) is introduced for converting human-readable names to IP addresses.

Uploaded by

محمدجوزياي
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FP303 COMPUTER

TOPIC NETWORK
2: OSI MODEL AND
NETWORK PROTOCOLS
2.3 ADDRESSING SCHEME FOR
TCP/IP

[email protected]
Learning Outcomes
1. Explain the addressing scheme of
TCP/IP
2. Identify Public and Private IP address.
3. Types of IP address
4. Methods of obtaining IP addresses
Recap!!
1. Can you list the 7 Layer in OSI?
2. What is protocol?
3. Did you still remember TCP/IP
Model. List all the 4 Layer in
TCP/IP?
IP Addresses and Subnet Mask
• IP address
 IP address is a 32-bit binary number that
divided into 4 groups of 8 bits, known as
octets.
 Allow to communicate with other
computers.
 IP address is the number assigned to your
computer by the network device. 
IP Addresses and Subnet Mask
• Subnet Mask
 Determines how many IP addresses you
can use for your network.
 Example, 255.255.255.0 would allow you
to use 254 IP addresses for your network.
 Subnet mask defines how large of a
network you want to talk to by default.
IP Addresses and Subnet Mask
Addressing Scheme: Structure of IP Address
Where is
Purpose of IP Address 192.168.5.22?

1. First part identifies the


network (N)
2. Second part identifies
the host (H) Here is 192.168.5.99
NETWORK
1 192.168.5.22
in PTSS

192.168.5.0

I’m HOST
2 192.168.5.22

192.168.5.23
192.168.5.22
The logical 32-bit IP address is

Purpose of IP Address
hierarchical and is made up of
two parts. The first part identifies
the network and the second part
identifies a host on that network
First part identifies the network

Second part identifies the host


Binary and Dotted Decimal Notation
• Different format of IP address, binary,
dotted decimal and hexadecimal.
1. Binary.
Example: 11000000 10101000 00000001
00001010
2. Dotted Decimal.
Example: 192.168.1.10
3. Hexadecimal.
Example: C0.A8.1.A
Binary to Decimal Binary Hexadecimal
0 0000 0
Hexadecimal 1 0001 1
2 0010 2
3 0011 3
4 0100 4
5 0101 5
6 0110 6
Binary= 0, 1 7 0111 7
Decimal= 0–9 8 1000 8
Hexadecimal= 0–9, A-F 9 1001 9
10 1010 A
11 1011 B
12 1100 C
13 1101 D
14 1110 E
15 1111 F
Types of IP/Network Address
The class of an address can be determined by the value of the
first octet
CLASS RANGE RANGE OF Network(N) and DEFAULT SUBNET PURPOSE
OF 1st 1st OCTET Host(H) Part in MASK
OCTET (BINARY) Address

A 1-126 00000000 -
01111111
N.H.H.H
Host: 16.7
255.0.0.0 Large network
millions

B 128-191 10000000 -
10111111
N.N.H.H
Host: 65k
255.255.0.0 Medium
network

C 192-223 11000000 -
11011111
N.N.N.H
Host: 254
255.255.255.0 Small network

D 224-239 11100000 -
11101111
Not for
commercial use
255.255.255.255 Multicasting
as a host

E 240-254 11110000 -
11111111
- Reserved - for
experimental
use
Extra!!!
• IP Addressing Rules
1. All Host portions cannot be ZERO
(0=network ID/00000000)
2. All Host portions cannot be 255 as 255 is a
broadcast address in any network
(255=1=broadcast ID/11111111)
3. No computing device can be assigned an IP
of 127.0.0.1 as it is a LOOPBACK IP address
(localhost)
4. All Host portion should be unique in any given
network.
Private and Public IP Addresses
• All hosts that connect directly to the Internet require a
unique public IP address. An IP address is
considered public if the IP number is valid.

• Some private addresses are reserved for use


exclusively inside an organization.

• Public IP addresses are used by servers (including


those for Web sites and DNS servers), network
routers or any computer connected directly to the
Internet via a modem.
Private and Public IP Addresses (cont…)
• Private addresses can be used internally by hosts
in an organization as long as the hosts do not
connect directly to the Internet.

• Private addresses are not routed on the Internet and


will be quickly blocked by an ISP router.

• The use of private addresses can provide a measure


of security since they are only visible on the local
network.

How to set Private IP?


Static – Our own host, Automatic - DHCP
Private and Public IP Addresses (cont…)
Private IP Address

• Private IP addresses are used only within your


network. 

• Private IP addresses always start with:


• CLASS A – 10.x.x.x
Valid IP addresses:10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254
• CLASS B - 172.16.x.x
Valid IP addresses:172.16.0.1 to 172.31.255.254
• CLASS C - 192.168.x.x
Valid IP addresses:192.168.0.1 to 192.168.255.254
Terminologies of PRIVATE vs PUBLIC
AIREEN AHMEED

192.168.1.12 SPMP SERVER 10.0.1.12


(public) (private)

10.0.0.1 (private)

11.1.1.1 (public)
Types of Addressing
• IP addresses also categorized as unicast,
broadcast or multicast.

• Hosts can use IP addresses to communicate


- one-to-one (unicast),
- one-to-many (multicast) or
- one-to-all (broadcast).
Unicast Addressing
• To describe communication where a piece
of information is sent from one point to
another point. In this case there is just
one sender, and one receiver.
• One-to-One
• Example: The standard unicast
applications (http, smtp, ftp and telnet)
which employ the TCP transport protocol.
Unicast Addressing (cont…)
Multicast Addressing
• To describe communication where a piece
of information is sent from one or more
points to a set of other points. In this case
there is may be one or more senders.
• One-to-Many
• Example of an application which may use
multicast is a video server sending out
networked TV channels / Group email.
Multicast Addressing (cont…)
Broadcast Addressing
• To describe communication where a piece
of information is sent from one point to all
other points. In this case there is just one
sender, but the information is sent to all
connected receivers.
• One-to-All
• Example: The standard application
(address resolution protocol (ARP))
Broadcast Addressing (cont…)
Addressing Method
• Static / Manual Addressing
• Dynamic / Automatic Addressing
Addressing Method (cont…)
• Static/Manual
– Setting up IP configuration at network manually

• Dynamic/automatic
– Automatically received IP address from DHCP
server
Static Addressing
Advantages Disadvantages
If you run servers, you will You can't move your
always know where in the machine to a different subnet
world it is and or login and expect it to work. You
remotely need to reconfigure it
Useful for printer setting
Dynamic Addressing
Advantages Disadvantages
IP configuration information You can't move your
gets automatically configured machine to a different subnet
for client machine by the and expect it to work. You
DHCP server. need to reconfigure it
Less security risk as the
computer is assigned a new
IP address whenever you log
on.
Dynamic Addressing (cont…)
• DHCP Server

Set of rules for dynamically


assigning IP addresses to
devices on a network.

It assigns the IP addresses


and ensures that all IP
addresses are unique.
Domain Name Service (DNS)
• Domain Name Service (DNS) is the service
used to convert human readable names of
hosts to IP addresses.
• Example:
- PC10  192.168.2.12
- www.google.com 
74.125.135.105
74.125.135.104
74.125.135.106
74.125.135.147
74.125.135.99
74.125.135.103
How DNS Server Works???
I don’t stop when I’m tired.
I only stop when I’m done…

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