Unit-5

Mobile Device Operating Systems

Software Development Kit
A software development kit (SDK or devkit) is
typically a set of software development tools that
allows the creation of applications for a certain
software package, software framework, hardware
platform, computer system, video game console,
operating system, or similar development
platform.

A small electronic device for playing computerized video games.

 Android SDK
Developer(s) Google
Initial release October 2009; 12 years ago
Stable release 26.1.1 / September 2017; 4 years ago
Written in Java
Operating system Cross-platform
Available in English
Type IDE, SDK
Website developer.android.com/sdk/index.html

debugger, libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU, 

QEMU
 is a free and open-source hypervisor. It emulates the
machine's processor through dynamic binary transla
tion and provides a set of different hardware and de
vice models for the machine, enabling it to run a vari
ety of guest operating systems. It can interoperate wi
th Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)
 A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM, is software
that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs). A hypervisor allows one host
computer to support multiple guest VMs by virtually sharing its resources,
such as memory and processing.

A well-known example of a hosted hypervisor is Oracle VM Virtual

Box. 
 The main known usage of Ant (tool)is the build of
Android SDK Java applications. Ant supplies a number of built-
in tasks allowing to compile, assemble, test and
run Java applications. Ant can also be used
effectively to build non Java applications, for
instance C or C++ applications.

❖ Package Contains
➢ Android SDK, IDE for development (Eclipse or Android
Studio)
➢ Virtual Machine Manager and System Images to Boot the
emulators.
➢ Tools to debug the apps during developments.
➢ Builders for Development (Ant for Eclipse and Gradle for
Android Studio). (IDE)
❖ Android Application Components
➢ Activity.
➢ Services.
➢ Broadcast receivers.
Eclipse is an integrated development environment (IDE) used in computer programming.[5]
 It contains a base workspace and an extensible plug-in system for customizing the
environment. Eclipse is written mostly in Java and its primary use is for developing Java
applications, but it may also be used to develop applications in other 
programming languages via plug-ins, including Ada, ABAP, C, C++, C#, 

It can also be used to develop documents with LaTeX (via a TeXlipse plug-in) and packages
for the software Mathematica.
Android SDK
 Android Studio is the official integrated development environment for
Google's Android operating system, built on Jet Brains' IntelliJ IDEA
software and designed specifically for Android development. 

What is Android Studio used for?

Android Studio provides a unified environment where you can build apps
for Android phones, tablets, Android Wear, Android TV, and Android
Auto. Structured code modules allow you to divide your project into units
of functionality that you can independently build, test, and debug.

Gradle is a build automation tool for multi-language software development. It

controls the development process in the tasks of compilation and packaging to
testing, deployment, and publishing. Supported languages include Java, C/C++, and
JavaScript.
 iOS (i-phone OS) SDK
❖ Developed by Apple Inc.
❖ Package contains
➢ Development IDE.
➢ Iphone Simulator.
➢ Applications written in Swift and Objective - C.
➢ Some elements of application developed using C and C++.
Cocoa Touch is the application development
environment[1] for building software programs to
run on iOS for the iPhone and iPod Touch, iPadOS
 for the iPad, watchOS for the Apple Watch, and 
❖ Cocoa Touch tvOS for the Apple TV, from Apple Inc.
➢ Multi-touch events and controls
➢ Accelerometer support
➢ View hierarchy ; Localization (i18n) Camera support
iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by 
Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware. It is the operating system that powers many of the
company's mobile devices, including the iPhone and iPod Touch; the term also included
the versions running on iPads until the name iPadOS was introduced with version 13 in
2019. It is the world's second-most widely installed mobile operating system, after 
Android.
 Differences Between iOS and Android

iOS is a closed system whereas Android is more open. Users

have barely any system permissions in iOS but in Android,

users can customize their phones easily. The Android

applications are obtained from Google Play while iOS

applications are available in the Apple app store

iOS devices are faster and smoother than
most Android phones at comparable price
ranges.
 iOS SDK
❖Media ❖Mac OS X Kernel
➢ OpenAL ➢ TCP/IP
➢ Audio mixing and recording ➢ Sockets
➢ Video playback ➢ Power management
➢ Image file formats ➢ File system
➢ Quartz ➢ Security
➢ Core Animation
➢ OpenGL ES
❖Core Services
➢ Networking
➢ Embedded SQLite database ;Core Location
➢ Threads
➢ CoreMotion
OpenAL is a cross-platform audio application
programming interface. It is designed for
efficient rendering of multichannel three-
dimensional positional audio. Its API style and
conventions deliberately

OpenGL for Embedded Systems is a subset of

the OpenGL computer graphics rendering
application programming interface for
rendering 2D and 3D computer graphics such
as those used by video games, typically
hardware-accelerated using a graphics
processing unit. 

It is the core that provides basic services for all

other parts of the OS. It is the main layer
between the OS and hardware, and it helps
with process and memory management, file
systems, device control and networking.
Commercial Mobile
Operating Systems
 IBM Simon
❖Multifunctional phone
❖Features
➢ E-Mails.
➢ Fax.
➢ Cellular pages.
❖Applications
➢ Addressbook
➢ Calendar
➢ Appointment Scheduler.
➢ World time clock.
➢ Electronic note pad
➢ Stylus input for keyboard.
❖OS is ROM-DOS with file Staker
Palm OS (Palm Pilot 1000)
❖ It is PDA and Phone that uses the motorola processor of 16 Mhz with 256
Kb or 512 Kb of Built in RAM.
❖ Features

➢ Monochrome LCD Panels with

Handwriting Recognition.
❖ Applications

➢ Date Book
➢ Address Book
➢ To Do List
➢ Memo Pad
❖It uses the palm OS.
 Windows Embedded Compact
❖ Os developed by Microsoft.
(Windows CE)
❖ It uses the hybrid kernel.
❖ Optimized kernel runs on 1 MB of Memory.
❖ Platforms

➢ AutoPC
➢ Pocket PC 2000
➢ Pocket PC 2002
➢ Windows Mobile 2003
➢ Windows Mobile 2003 SE
➢ Windows Mobile 5
➢ Windows Mobile 6
➢ Smartphone 2002
➢ Smartphone 2003
➢ Portable Media Center
➢ Zune and Now Windows Phone
Symbian OS
❖ Developed by Nokia, Samsung, Ericsson, Panasonic.
❖ In 2008 it will acquired fully by nokia.
❖ After the launch of android by google then symbian become open source
under Eclipse Public License (EPL).
❖ In 2011 nokia moves from symbian to windows phone.
❖ Symbian is a mobile OS that,

➢ Real time, Multitasking,

Preemptive, 32 bit OS runs on
ARM processors.
➢ It is microkernel based.
➢ Flavours of symbian (Series 60,
UIQ Interface).
Symbian OS
❖ It supports communication protocols like TCP, UDP, PPP, DNS, FTP,
WAP.
❖ It supports Bluetooth, InfraRed, USB Connectivity.
❖ Low power mode of CPU switch available.
❖ Low on power and memory requirement applications (OOPS) based.
❖ Event based applications run by active objects.
❖ Carbide is an IDE supports for C++ development.
❖ Eclipse plug-in is available for development.
Android OS
❖ Google’s operating system.
❖ Open source.
❖ Features

➢ Phone based keyboard or touchscreen

for input.
➢ Has built-in web browser that renders
the web page fully.
➢ Easy way to develop third party
applications.
➢ Android SDK and Eclipse.
➢ Provides RDBMS SQLite for data
storage.
➢ Pre installed applications such as
Gmail, Maps, Voice-Search, etc.
 Android OS
❖ Application Layer

➢ Web browser, Email client, SMS Application Layer

Manager, Maps.
Application
➢ Apps written in J2ME. Framework
➢ No priority control to manage resources Library and
aggressively. Runtime
❖ Application Framework

➢ Used to implement standard structure for Kernel

apps.
➢ It provides the set of services that can
used by developers.
➢ Services :
➢ Managers (For events) ;Content
providers (For accessing data)
❖ Libraries and Runtime

➢ It is written in multiple languages including C and

C++ and called through JAVA interfaces.
➢ It includes surface managers (for compositing
windows) 2D and 3D graphics, Media codecs
(MP4, MP3) an SQL database SQLite.
➢ It includes web browser engine called webkit.
➢ Runtime
■ Core libraries
■ Dalvik virtual machine
➢ DVM converts the java code into native ARM code.
➢ Each Application runs as own process with own
instance of Dalvik virtual machine (DVM).
❖Kernel
➢ It is based on Linux kernel.
➢ Excluded native X windows of GNU.
➢ Android implements it’s own
■ Device drivers
■ Memory management
■ Process management
■ Networking functionalities
➢ Runs the application concurrently
➢ Google initially maintains the kernel code and
contributed to linux public distribution.
➢ Now google no longer maintains the kernel
extensions.
 iOS (Apple)
❖ Apple developed iOS for iPhone the direct replacement for iPod.
❖ It is derivative of Mac OS.
❖ It is property and maintained apple.
❖ Market shots,

➢ Geatures
➢ Swipe
➢ Tap
➢ Pinch
➢ Reverse Pinch
➢ It includes internal accelerometer for
recognize the shake and change the
music.
➢ Display mode switch portrait to
landscape and vise versa.
Blackberry OS
❖ It is a proprietary operating system designed for blackberry
smartphones produced by Research In Motion Limited (RIM).
❖ Architecture of blackberry OS is not revealed.
❖ It has a very good email system at user level.
❖ It supports instant mailing while maintaining high level of
security through on-device hardware based message encryption.
M-Commerce
M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying
and selling of goods and services through wireless
handheld devices such as cellular telephone and
personal digital assistants (PDAs). Known as next-
generation e-commerce, m-commerce enables
users to access the Internet without needing to find
a place to plug in.
Applications of M-Commerce
M-commerce applications can be broadly
categorized into two,
● Business-to-Consumer (B2C).
● Business-to-Business (B2B).
 Business-to-Consumer Applications
(B2C)
Business-to-Consumer is a form of commerce in
which products or services are sold by a business
firm to a consumer.
● Advertising
● Comparison shopping
● Information about a product
● Mobile Ticketing
● Loyalty and payment service
● Interactive advertisements
● Catalogue shopping
 Business-to-Consumer Applications
(B2C)
❖Advertising
➢ Location based advertising.
➢ Purchase track will give you the information about future buy’s
of same customer.
❖Comparison shopping
➢ Pricing analysis with different shops.
➢ Feature analysis with different products and brands.
➢ Quality of service can be improved by customers reviews.
❖Information about a product
➢ Consumers can know more about what they buy.
➢ Pharmacy and dosage information about the trucks.
❖Mobile Ticketing
➢ We can buy M-Tickets using credit cards.
➢ Purchase confirmation can be sent through SMS or e-mail.
➢ Train, Movie, Bus, etc.
❖Loyalty and payment services
➢ Payback cards
➢ Points will be generated according to the user buy’s.
➢ According to points user earns they may avail special gifts
❖Interactive advertisements
➢ Offers through the TV and Teleshopping
❖Catalogue shopping
➢ Direct buy using direct link sent by company.
❖Ordering and delivery confirmation
➢ Mobile phones can be used by the dealers to order
products.
➢ Mobile phones can be used to gather information
about the status of consignments during the
transport and delivery process.
➢ Realtime consignment tracking.
❖Stock tracking and control
➢ Mobile tracking can be connected with inventory of
store.
➢ It can track warehouse status.
❖Supply Chain Management (SCM).
❖Mobile inventory management.
Mobile Payment Systems
Mobile Payment
Mobile payment (M-Payment) is defined as any
payment instrument where a mobile device is
used to initiate, authorize and conform an
exchange of financial value in return for goods
and services.
Devices used for,
● Mobile phones.
● Personal Digital Assistants (PDA).
Mobile Payment Schemes
Three popular types of M-Payment schemes are
currently being used:
❖Bank account based.
❖Credit card based.
❖Micropayment.
Each payment scheme uses customer's banking
information the service provider may charge small
ammount.
Mobile Payment Schemes
Bank account based M-payment
❖The bank account number is linked to
customer's mobile number.
❖Customer may make a transactions with vendor,
based on the Bluetooth or wireless LAN
connectivity with vendor.
❖The bank account of the customer is debited
and the value is credited to the vendor’s
account.
❖M-Chek is linking credit or debit card with
customer’s mobile number.
Mobile Payment Schemes
Credit card based M-Payment
❖The credit card number is linked with mobile
number.
❖When a customer makes a transactions with
merchant, credit card is charged and the value is
added merchant’s account.
Micropayment
❖It is intended for payment for small purchases
such as vending machines.
❖Mobile can connect with bluetooth and wireless
LAN connect to make payment.
M-Commerce Security Issues
❖Privacy Risks.
❖Mobile devices difficult to find on the move.
❖Mobile devices go online and offline
frequently.
❖Attacks would be very difficult to trace.
❖Risk of mobile loss and theft.
❖Fraud payment from stolen mobile is more
difficult to track.
❖Lack of any satisfactory mechanism to
authenticate a particular user.