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PL SQL Functions

This document provides examples of built-in functions in Oracle PL/SQL including ASCII, CHR, CONCAT, INITCAP, INSTR, LENGTH, LOWER, UPPER, REPLACE, LPAD, NVL, MOD, and SUBSTR. Each function is demonstrated with a short code example showing how to use the function to manipulate and evaluate strings.

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53 views

PL SQL Functions

This document provides examples of built-in functions in Oracle PL/SQL including ASCII, CHR, CONCAT, INITCAP, INSTR, LENGTH, LOWER, UPPER, REPLACE, LPAD, NVL, MOD, and SUBSTR. Each function is demonstrated with a short code example showing how to use the function to manipulate and evaluate strings.

Uploaded by

Rick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oracle PL/SQL

Built In Functions
ASCII function
The ASCII function returns an ASCII encoding number for a character.
The following sample evaluates the first character of the string:

DECLARE
text VARCHAR2(10) := 'Hello';
BEGIN
IF ASCII(SUBSTR(text,1,1)) = 72 THEN
dbms_output.put_line('The first character of the string is [H].');
END IF;
END;
CHR Function
The CHR function returns the binary equivalent character for an ASCII integer in the database
character set or national character set.

The following demonstrates sending a line break in the midst of a string through the standard
out procedure, DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE. There is a convenient way to force a line break in the
midst of an output string.
DECLARE
text1 VARCHAR2(10) := 'Title';
text2 VARCHAR2(10) := 'Content';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(text1||CHR(10)||text2);
END;
/
It prints
Title
Content
CONCAT Function
The CONCAT function concatenates two strings into one, and it is equivalent to
using the
concatenation operator (||). The prototype is
CONCAT(string1, string2)
DECLARE
text1 VARCHAR2(10) := 'Hello ';
text2 VARCHAR2(10) := 'There!';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(CONCAT(text1,text2));
END;
/
It prints
Hello There
INITCAP Function
The INITCAP function is very handy when you want to convert a string to title
case.

The function takes a string and returns a converted string.


The following demonstrates the function:
DECLARE
text VARCHAR2(12) := 'hello world!';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(INITCAP(text));
END;
/
It prints
Hello World!
INSTR Function
The INSTR function lets you find the position where a substring starts in
a string.

DECLARE
text VARCHAR2(12) := 'Hello World!';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Start ['||INSTR(text,'World',1)||']');
END;
/
It prints
Start [7]
LENGTH Function
The LENGTH function lets you calculate the length of a string by using
character units.

DECLARE
text VARCHAR2(12) := 'Hello World!';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Length ['||LENGTH(text)||']');
END;
/
It prints
Length [12]
LOWER Function
The LOWER function lets you convert string to a lowercase character
string:
DECLARE
text VARCHAR2(12) := 'Hello World!';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(LOWER(text));
END;
/
It prints
hello world!
UPPER Function
The UPPER function lets lets you convert string in to a Uppercase
character string:
DECLARE
text VARCHAR2(12) := 'Hello World!';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(UPPER(text));
END;
/
It prints
HELLO WORLD!
REPLACE Function
The REPLACE function lets you search and replace a substring in any CHAR, VARCHAR2, NCHAR,
NVARCHAR2, CLOB, or NCLOB string. It returns the modified string. The prototype is
REPLACE(base_string, search_string, replace_string)
The following demonstrates how to use the function:

DECLARE
base_string VARCHAR2(40) := 'The Republican President said ...';
search_string VARCHAR2(40) := 'Republican';
replace_string VARCHAR2(40) := 'Democratic';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(REPLACE(base_string,search_string,replace_string));
END;
/
It prints
The Democratic President said ...
LPAD Function
The LPAD function lets you add a character one or more times at the
beginning of a string.
DECLARE
output VARCHAR2(10) := 'Wowie';
whitespace VARCHAR2(1) := ' ';
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('['||LPAD(output,10,whitespace)||']');
END;
/
It prints
[ Wowie]
NVL Function
The NVL function substitutes a default value when the primary value is null. The
prototype for the
function is NVL(evaluation_parameter, default_substitution_parameter)
The NVL function works well in conditional statements. It removes the possibility
that
comparison values are null. The following program demonstrates a NVL function:
DECLARE
condition BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
IF NOT NVL(condition,FALSE) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('It''s False!');
END IF;
END;
MOD Function
The MOD function lets you find the remainder of a division operation, like the REMAINDER
function.
It returns a zero when there is no remainder and the integer of any remainder when one exists.
The prototype is
MOD(dividend, divisor)
You can use it as follows:

DECLARE
n NUMBER := 16;
m NUMBER := 3;
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Mode ['||MOD(n,m)||']');
END;
/
It prints
Mode [1]
Substr() Function

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