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Presentation 6

Rizal annotated Antonio Morga's work "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" to (1) correct the distorted views of early Filipinos presented by Spanish chroniclers and (2) prove that pre-Hispanic Filipinos had their own advanced culture before Spanish colonization. Rizal provided copious notes revealing early Filipino culture as rich and flourishing, contrary to views of early Filipinos as barbarians. His annotations were part of the Propaganda Movement's efforts to assert Filipino identity and push for reforms under oppressive Spanish colonial rule.

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emerald Casinillo
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44 views20 pages

Presentation 6

Rizal annotated Antonio Morga's work "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" to (1) correct the distorted views of early Filipinos presented by Spanish chroniclers and (2) prove that pre-Hispanic Filipinos had their own advanced culture before Spanish colonization. Rizal provided copious notes revealing early Filipino culture as rich and flourishing, contrary to views of early Filipinos as barbarians. His annotations were part of the Propaganda Movement's efforts to assert Filipino identity and push for reforms under oppressive Spanish colonial rule.

Uploaded by

emerald Casinillo
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CHAPTER 11:

LOOKING AT THE
FILIPINO PAST
Presented by:

Pecante, Franz Eduard

Icasama, Angela

Rafallo, Jan Kent

Dacuba, Michaela

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:

1.argue the reasons why Jose Rizal decided to annotate Antonio


Morga’s work, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas;

2.relate how Rizal’s annotation conform with the overall aims of


the Propaganda Movement; and

3.create their own annotations of a sample text.


VOCABULARY

Audiencia – the Royal Audiencia or the royal court of justice in Spain and
its colonies

ecclesiastics– the religious missionaries

secular– having ideas and attitudes not determined by any religious bias
SPANISH
COLONIAL
PERIOD

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History of Spanish colonial period in the
Philippines

The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898  is known as the Spanish colonial period, during
which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within
the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Kingdom of the  Viceroyalty of New Spain, based
i n   M e x i c o C i t y, u n t i l t h e   i n d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e M e x i c a n e m p i r e   f r o m S p a i n i n 1 8 2 1 . T h i s r e s u l t e d
i n   d i r e c t S p a n i s h c o n t r o l   d u r i n g a   p e r i o d o f g o v e r n m e n t a l i n s t a b i l i t y   t h e r e . H o w e v e r, u n l i k e
t h e   S p a n i s h A m e r i c a n   c o l o n i e s , t h e P h i l i p p i n e s , b e i n g l e s s s i g n i fi c a n t t o t h e S p a n i s h e c o n o m y, w e r e
under much less di rect royal control .

T h e fi r s t d o c u m e n t e d E u r o p e a n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e P h i l i p p i n e s w a s m a d e i n 1 5 2 1 b y   F e r d i n a n d
Magellan in his circumnavigation expedition  during which he was killed in the Battle of Mactan.
F o r t y - f o u r y e a r s l a t e r, a S p a n i s h e x p e d i t i o n l e d b y   M i g u e l L ó p e z d e L e g a z p i   l e f t m o d e r n M e x i c o a n d
began the Spanish conquest of the Philippines. Legazpi's expedition arrived in the Philippines in
1 5 6 5 , d u r i n g t h e r e i g n o f   P h i l i p I I o f S p a i n , w h o s e n a m e h a s r e m a i n e d a t t a c h e d t o t h e c o u n t r y.
Although much like its neighbors which change their name after they obtain their independence,  the
Philippines did not mainly because no one can agree on the new name thus it was decided to choose
t h e n a m e o f t h e c o u n t r y t h a t e q u a l l y o ff e n d e d e v e r y o n e , i n w h i c h c a s e w a s T h e P h i l i p p i n e s
During the Spanish colonial  period, Philippine histor y was primarily
written by the Spani ards. Early Spani sh historians took note of
the native's appearance and way of life. However, many  of these early
histories depicted the Filipinos in negative terms and of ten contained
biases against the colonized people. José Ri zal's annotation of  Antonio
Morga's work, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, was an attempt to  redress
this biased view of  the Fil ipinos. Although Rizal's annotations
have been "largely disregarded."  his work has been credited  as the
fi rst Philippine histor y to be written from the viewpoint of a Filipino.
ANTONIO
MORGA
Who is Antonio Morga

• Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay (1559 – July 21, 1636) was a


Spanish lawyer and ahigh-ranking colonial offi cial for 43 years, in the
Philippines (1594 to 1604), New Spain and Peru.  

• Af ter being reassigned to Mexico, he published the book Sucesos de


las Islas Filipinas in 1609.

• As Deputy Governor in the Philippines, he restored the audencia. He


took over the function of judge.  

• He also took command of Spanish ships in a 1600 naval battle against


Dutch corsairs, but suff ered defeat and barely sur vived.  
• Morga suff ered important failures in both his military and political
capacities. The same cannot be said for his work as historian.  

• In 1609, he published the work for which he is now remembered


– Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Isles).  

• Morga wrote that the purpose for writing  Sucesos was so he could


chronicle "the deeds achieved by our  Spaniards in the discover y,
conquest, and conversion of the Filipinas Islands - as well as various
for tunes that they have from time to time in the great kingdoms and
among the pagan peoples surrounding the  islands.” 
SUCESOS DE
LAS ISLAS  FILIPINAS
Morga's work, Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas, was published in 1609 in
Mexico and consisted of eight
chapters. The fi rst seven chapters
dealt with the terms of the governor-
generals who had served in the
Philippines from the time of Miguel
Lopez de Legazpi in 1565 to Pedro de
Acuña in 1606. The last chapter, titled
"An account of the Philippine Islands,"
provided ample descriptions of early
Filipinos upon the arrival of the
Spaniards in the sixteenth century.

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While at the British Museum in late 1889,
Rizal found a copy of the fi rst edition of
Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas and began copying the text by
hand. He annotated the work along the way
with the intention of creating a critical work
on the history of the Philippines. Despite
hopes of getting the work published through
the help of Antonio Regidor, Rizal ended up
with no publisher when his annotations were
done. By September 1889, Rizal decided to
publish the annotations himself in Garnier
Hermanos, a printing press based in Paris.  

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Rizal’s Purpose of Annotating Morga’s Work

1. To awaken the consciousness of the Filipinos regarding their


glorious ways of the past

2. To correct what has been distorted about the Philippines due to


Spanish Conquest.

3. To prove that the Filipinos are civilized /advanced even before


the coming of the Spaniards.
Rizal’s Annotation

It could be sum up in the annotated version of Rizal that the


people of the Philippines had a culture on their own, before the
coming of the Spaniards. During the pre-Hispanic Philippines, the
people of were advanced, has high literacy rate, self-suffi cient
and has smooth foreign relations. Filipinos were decimated,
demoralized, exploited and ruined by the Spanish colonization.
Thus, the present state of the Philippine was not necessarily
superior to its past. 
In his annotation, he included the colonial history of the
Philippines, being in prolonged periods of suff ering that many
people have been subjected to. "The Philippines was
depopulated, impoverished and retorted, astounded by
metaphor, with no confi dence in their past, still without faith in
her present and without faltering hope in the future.”  
Rizal's choice of annotating Morga's
work among all other early chronicles
written by Spaniards is not
coincidental. Historian Ambeth
Ocampo provides fi ve reasons behind
Rizal's choice.  
•The fi rst reason, according to Ocampo, was the fact that Morga's work
in its original Spanish edition was rare. In fact, the original Spanish
text had never been reprinted  in full until Rizal published his
annotations in 1889.  

•Second, unlike other early Spanish chronicles written by ecclesiastics,


Morga was a civil administrator and therefore provided a secular view
of historical events during  the early Spanish colonial period. This
second reason relates to Rizal's belief that a  secular account was more
credible than those written by religious missionaries,  
•the third reason for his choice.  

•Fourth, it was more sympathetic towards the natives in contrast


to the biased accounts written by the friars.  

•Finally, Morga's work was a fi tting choice because he was an


eyewitness to historical events that occurred in the Philippines
during the period of early  Spanish colonization. 
With the publication of his annotations
to Sucesos, Rizal presented an outline
of a linear conception of history. While
Noli Me Tangere dealt with the
nineteenth century or Rizal's present,
and El Filibusterismo and the essay
titled "The Philipines a Century Hence"
covered the future, the annotations of
Sucesos tackled the past.  

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M o r e t h a n a n a t t e m p t t o w r i t e t h e c o u n t r y ' s h i s t o r y,
h o w e v e r, R i z a l ' s a n n o t a t i o n o f M o r g a ' s S u c e s o s m u s t a l s o
be seen within the context of the Propaganda Movement.
At a time when Filipino propagandists were clamoring for
reforms in Spain, presenting a critical narrative of the
country's history might be considered as an endeavor to
create a sense of national consciousness or identity that
was anchored on a glorious past. Whereas early Spanish
chroniclers ridiculed the early Filipinos for being
barbarians, Rizal's copious notes of Sucesos revealed
e a r l y F i l i p i n o c u l t u r e a s r i c h a n d fl o u r i s h i n g . T h u s , R i z a l ' s
a n n o t a t i o n s m a y b e c o n s i d e r e d a n e ff o r t t o a s s e r t
Filipino identity within an oppressive colonial framework.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

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