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Pre-Calculus:
Sequence and
Series
MS. INGRID NIKOLAI FERCOL
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INTRODUCTION TO
SEQUENCES AND
SERIES
EXERCISE: QUESTIONS:
1. HOW MANY MINI-SQUARES CAN BE
FORMED IN THE NEXT TERM?
2. WHAT IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ALL
MINI-SQUARES IN THE SEQUENCE STARTING
FROM 1ST FIGURE TO 6TH FIGURE?
https://math-physics-problems.wikia.org/wiki/Sum_of_Consecutive_Odd_Numbers
Definition :
A SEQUENCE CAN BE:
SEQUEN Finite sequence- it has
CE
countable number of terms, in
other words it has finite
number of terms or it has an
- Sequence or progression is a set or list end.
numbers(it can be a shapes , letters or Example: 2,4,6,8,10
other geometric object) that creates a
pattern. Infinite sequence- by the word
- the sequence that only contains a “infinite”, it has infinitely
number is called Numerical sequences countable number of terms. It
or number sequence can be denoted by an
- Each number in the set of the ellipsis(…) at the end of the
sequence is called a term given sequence.
Example: 2,4,6,8,10,…
A SERIES CAN BE:
SERIES finite series- finite sum of the
terms in a sequence.
-Series is the sum of all terms in
the sequence. Example:
Illustration: 2+3+4+5+6= 20
= ++…+ Infinite series- the summation
of infinitely many numbers in a
,…,=> the terms in the sequence.
sequence.
Example:
2+3+4+…=
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ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE AND
SERIES
Arithmetic
Definition
Arithmetic Sequence Arithmetic Series
An arithmetic sequenceis asequence where
An arithmetic series is the sums of the terms in
the difference of every pair of
an arithmeticsequence with a definite
consecutive terms is constant. This contact
number of terms.
is referred to as the common
difference, Denoted byd.
, ,… 𝑆𝑛 =𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 +… + 𝑎 𝑛
+d +d …
Formulae:
Arithmetic Sequence:
Arithmetic
Given an arithmetic sequence { }
where the first term is and the
Series:
common difference is d ,the nth
term of the sequence is given
by the formula:
𝒂 𝒏= 𝒂𝟏 + ( 𝐧 −𝟏 ) 𝐝 The first formula is used whenever
the first and the last terms of the
𝑎𝑛=nthterm
sequence are given. On the other
hand, the second formula
is usedif the first term and
the common difference of the
sequence are given.
Example
s
EXAMPLE:
Given the 1st and 20th term of an arithmetic
sequence as 7 and 102 respectively, Find .
Given: n=20, =7,=102
Solution:
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GEOMETRIC
SEQUENCE AND
SERIES
Geometric
Definition
Is
term
Sequence
a sequence
is constant.
wherein the
Theconstant
ratio of
is referred
every pair
to asthe
of consecutive
common ratio, denoted by r, where r ≠ 0. The first term cannot take the
value 0.
Illustration
1. (3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96,…) is a geometric sequence and the common ratio is 2.
2. (800, 400, 200, 100, 50,…) is a geometric sequence and the common ratio is
½
3. (2,-6, 18, -54, 162,…) is a geometric sequence and the common ratio is - 3
4. ( 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8) is NOT a geometric sequence because there is no
common ratio that can be obtained from each pair of consecutive term.
Common Ratio:
The number multiplied (or divided) at each stage of a geometric sequence
Formula for geometric sequence:
EXAMPLE
GIVEN A GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
2,4,8,16… ,FIND THE 20TH AND
30TH TERMS OF THE SEQUENCE.
Finding :
finding common ratio:
finding :
Geometric Series
Definition
Is the sum of terms in a geometric sequence
Two Types of Geometric Series
Finite Geometric series- when we sum a known number of terms, the result is a finite geometric series
Infinite Geometric series- This series can be determined if there is no last term
Formula for geometric Series:
FINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES FORMULA
INFINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES
FORMULA
1
EXAMPLE
What is the sum of this infinite geometric
Given a geometric sequence where =7 series:
and r=4. Find
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