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Unit 4 - Digital Instruments

This document discusses digital instruments, focusing on digital voltmeters. It describes how digital voltmeters work by measuring voltage and displaying a numeric readout, and discusses various types including potentiometric, ramp, and voltage to frequency converter types. Advantages of digital voltmeters over analog meters are also summarized, such as improved accuracy, readability, and ability to interface with other devices. The document also briefly introduces related topics like automation techniques for voltmeters, frequency counters, and guarding methods.

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83 views71 pages

Unit 4 - Digital Instruments

This document discusses digital instruments, focusing on digital voltmeters. It describes how digital voltmeters work by measuring voltage and displaying a numeric readout, and discusses various types including potentiometric, ramp, and voltage to frequency converter types. Advantages of digital voltmeters over analog meters are also summarized, such as improved accuracy, readability, and ability to interface with other devices. The document also briefly introduces related topics like automation techniques for voltmeters, frequency counters, and guarding methods.

Uploaded by

naveen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS

UNIT IV
• Digital Voltmeters – Millimeters – automation
in Voltmeter – Accuracy and Resolution in
DVM - Guarding techniques – Frequency
counter- Data Loggers – Introduction to IEEE
488/GPIB Buses.
Digital Voltmeters
Digital Voltmeter
• Digital Voltmeter is a voltage sensitive device.
It measures AC or DC voltage and displays the
value directly in numeric form instead of
pointer deflection. 
• DVM is an acronym for Digital Voltmeter. 
Basic block diagram of DVM
Working of Digital Voltmeter
Classification of Digital Voltmeters
• Non-integrating type
• a) Potentiometric type
• 1) Servo Potentiometric type
• 2) Successive approximation type
• 3) Null balance type
• b) Ramp type
• 1) Linear type 2) Staircase type
• Integrating type
• a) voltage to frequency converter type
• b) Potentiometric type
• c) Dual slope
Servo balancing Potentiometric type DVM
Voltage to frequency converter type DVM
Voltage to frequency converter type DVM
Advantages of Digital Voltmeter

• DVM provides numerical readouts that eliminate observational errors.


Thus providing better readability.
• DVM offers better accuracy and versatility as compared to analogue
voltmeters.
• DVM has a greater speed of taking voltage readings as compared to
analogue instruments.
• The output of DVM can be fed to memory devices for further
computations.
• The decreased size of DVM increases the portability if the instrument.
DVM offers an accuracy of 0.5% + 1 digit and the operating temperature
range is -5 ⁰C to 55 ⁰C.
Automation in voltmeters
• Automation includes automatic polarity
indication, automatic ranging, and automatic
zeroing.
Frequency counter
Guarding technique
• In electronics, guarding is
a technique typically used to prevent or
minimize current leakage from a high
impedance source.
• This method is widely used in many low level
measurements especially in low current and
high resistance measurements.

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