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Types of Arguments

An argument can be a disagreement between people or a statement backed by evidence. There are a few primary reasons why arguments may occur: to solve a problem, defend a stance, or communicate a point of view. There are several types of arguments, including causal arguments which focus on how something occurred, rebuttal arguments which refute an idea, and proposal arguments which present a solution. When evaluating an argument, it is important to consider who is making the argument, what evidence they provide, and whether that evidence comes from reliable sources.

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Akshat Singh
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110 views

Types of Arguments

An argument can be a disagreement between people or a statement backed by evidence. There are a few primary reasons why arguments may occur: to solve a problem, defend a stance, or communicate a point of view. There are several types of arguments, including causal arguments which focus on how something occurred, rebuttal arguments which refute an idea, and proposal arguments which present a solution. When evaluating an argument, it is important to consider who is making the argument, what evidence they provide, and whether that evidence comes from reliable sources.

Uploaded by

Akshat Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT IS ARGUMENTS

• An arguments is a
disagreement between two
or more people, but it can
also be a statement backed
by evidence.
•  The act or process of
arguing, reasoning, or
discussing
THERE ARE A FEW PRIMARY REASONS
WHY AN ARGUMENTS MAY OCCUR -

• To solve a problem or make a judgment


• To defends or explain an action or stance
• To communicate your point of view and way of
thinking to a person or group
TYPES OF ARGUMENTS

CLASSICA
EVALUATI NARRATIV
CASUAL REBUTTAL PROPSAL TOULMIN ROGREIAN L
ON E
ARGUMEN ARGUMEN ARGUMEN ARGUMEN ARGUMEN WESTERN
ARGUMEN ARGUMEN
T TS TS TS TS ARGUMEN
TS TS
TS
CASUAL ARGUMENTS REBUTTAL
ARGUMENTS
•  This type of argument • This type of argument often
focuses on how something involves including why a
occurred and how a problem particular idea or belief is
arose as a result of that flawed and how you feel it
occurrence. can be fixed or changed. 
• This argument type is • A rebuttal argument is
important because it helps centered on refuting an idea
people determine the or belief that has been
reasons why certain things present up until this point in
happen and to make clear time.
the cause to ensure it
doesn't happen again.
PROPSAL ARGUMENTS EVALUATION
ARGUMENTS
• A proposal arguments is one in • An evaluation arguments is an
which a person proposes a arguments that is used to
particular solution to a specific evaluate whether a particular
issue elements is “good” or “bad”.
• Thisarguments should • For this arguments to
includes the established of a work ,those participating in the
problem ,the details of the arguments must first come to
proposal and reason why the an agreement as to the criteria
proposal is good idea. of “good” and “bad”.
NARRATIVE ARGUMENT TOULMIN ARGUMENT

• A narrative argument is an • The Toulmin argument was


argument in which an developed by Stephen E.
individual states their case Toulmin and is an argument
by telling a story that that is composed of six
illustrates a point directly different parts: claim,
related to the argument. grounds, warrant, qualifier,
• narrative arguments allow rebuttal and backing.
individuals to use a narrative
to express their stance on a
particular issue. 
ROGERIAN ARGUMENT   CLASSICAL WESTERN ARGUMENT

This type of argument is used • A classical Western


to help those with opposing argument is used to
viewpoints reach a common persuade a group of people
ground by allowing them to of the validity of an
look at a situation from a argument and/or reveal the
different perspective.  truths that define or affect
In a Rogerian argument, both the argument. 
parties acknowledge the •  typically includes five
opposition and build trust by different components: an
identifying each others' merit. introduction, narration,
confirmation, refutation, and
a conclusion.
EVALUATE ARGUMENTS
WHEN EVALUATING AN ARGUMENT, HERE ARE SOME THINGS
THAT YOU MIGHT CONSIDER:

•Who is making the argument?


•What gives them authority to make the argument?
•What evidence is given in support of the argument? Has this evidence been
tested elsewhere? Could alternative approaches have been used?
•Does the evidence upon which the argument is based come from a reliable
and independent source? How do you know? Who funded the research that
produced the evidence?

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