Separating

mixtures
 1-To understand the differences between elements, mixtures, and compounds.
2-To describe how to separate mixtures by decanting and filtering.
Learning 3- To understand how evaporation and distillation separate liquids and solids
from solutions.
objectives 4-To observe how fractional distillation separates mixtures of liquids with
different boiling points.
5- To understand how chromatography separates mixtures.

Skim and scan pages 116 and 117 to answer the starter questions:
1-State some examples of mixtures for:
Starter a) Gas & Gas
b) Solid & Solid
questions
c) Liquid & Liquid(Miscible)
d) Liquid & Liquid (Immiscible)
2-Does a mixture of iron fillings& sulfur powder have the same properties as iron
sulfide?
3-How can you separate salt, sand & water?
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  Element  Compound  Mixture
A pure substance made An impure substance
Elements, A pure substance
that is listed in from more than one type made from different
compounds, the periodic of element chemically elements or compounds
bonded together. mixed together that are
and mixtures. table and only has
one type of atom in not chemically joined.
Elements bond in fixed
it. ratios and so can be Mixtures can usually
There are over 100 represented by a chemical be separated by
elements. formula. For example, physical techniques
sodium chloride has the such
Most are metals, a
same number of sodium as filtering and distilla
few are metalloids
ions and chloride ions, so tion.
(also known as
its formula is NaCl, Air is a mixture that
semi-metals), and
whereas water is always contains the elements
the rest are non-
made from twice the nitrogen, oxygen and
metals.
number of hydrogen atoms argon, and also the
as oxygen atoms, so it is compound carbon
H2O. dioxide.
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Separating
mixtures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC1RxloV0Mo
 1
Filtering
To separate an
insoluble solid from
a liquid
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 ⊙ If a substance does not dissolve in a solvent, we say that it
is insoluble. For example, sand does not dissolve in water – it
Filtering is insoluble.
⊙ Filtration is a method for separating an insoluble solid from a
liquid. When a mixture of sand and water is filtered:
• The sand stays behind in the filter paper (it becomes
the residue)
• The water passes through the filter paper (it becomes
the filtrate)

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 ⊙ Separating salt and sand:
- Pour the salt and sand mixture into a pan.
- Add water. You don't need to add a lot of water..
- Heat the water until the salt dissolves. If you get to
where the water is boiling and there is still solid salt,
Filtration you can add a bit more water.
- Remove the pan from heat and allow it to cool until it's
safe to handle.
- Filter the sand from the salty water.
- Now collect the sand.
- Pour the salt water back into the empty pan.
- Heat the salt water until the water boils. Continue
boiling it until the water is gone and you're left with the

salt.

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 2
Decanting
Used to separate a solid and
liquid which float over each
other
Or/ two liquids that float over
one another
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 ⊙ In its simplest form, it just means allowing a
mixture of solid and liquid or two immiscible
liquids to settle and separate by gravity.
⊙ Examples of mixtures that can be separated
Decanting using decanting:
 Mud and water.
 Oil and water.

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 3
Evaporation
and
distillation
Separate liquids
from solids in a
solution
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 ⊙ Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a
liquid. For example, copper sulphate is soluble in water
– its crystals dissolve in water to form copper sulphate
solution. During evaporation, the water evaporates away
Evaporation leaving solid copper sulphate crystals behind.
and
distillation

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 ⊙ Simple distillation is a method for separating the solvent
from a solution. For example, water can be separated from
salt solution by simple distillation. This method works
Evaporation because water has a much lower boiling point than salt.
When the solution is heated, the water evaporates. It is then
and cooled and condensed into a separate container. The salt
distillation does not evaporate and so it stays behind.

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 4
Fractional
distillation
Separate liquids that
have different
boiling13points
 ⊙ Fractional distillation is a method for separating a liquid from a
mixture of two or more liquids. For example, liquid ethanol can be
separated from a mixture of ethanol and water by fractional
distillation. This method works because the liquids in the mixture
Fractional have different boiling points. When the mixture is heated, one liquid
distillation evaporates before the other.

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 ⊙ Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The crude oil
is evaporated and its vapours condense at different
temperatures in the fractionating column. Each fraction
contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of
Fractional carbon atoms and a similar range of boiling points.
distillation
of crude oil

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 5
Chromatography
Separate
compounds that
dissolve in the same
solvent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByJ6lzD2Vbg

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 ⊙ Paper chromatography is a method for separating
dissolved substances from one another. It is often used
when the dissolved substances are coloured, such as
inks, food colourings and plant dyes. It works because
Chromatograph some of the coloured substances dissolve in the solvent
y used better than others, so they travel further up the
paper.

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That wraps up all methods of
separating mixtures
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Workbook p. 55, 57 and 58
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