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    4thQ Week1 PPT Digestive

    Uploaded by

    Geronimo Santiago
    The digestive system breaks down food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Food enters the mouth where teeth break it down and saliva begins digestion. It then moves to the stomach through the esophagus. The stomach further breaks down food using acids and enzymes. The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder release substances that continue digestion in the small intestine, where most absorption occurs. Undigested material then moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed before waste is excreted through the rectum and anus. The organs work together through this pathway to digest food for energy and eliminate waste.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4thQ Week1 PPT Digestive

    Uploaded by

    Geronimo Santiago
    127 views49 pages
    The digestive system breaks down food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Food enters the mouth where teeth break it down and saliva begins digestion. It then moves to the stomach through the esophagus. The stomach further breaks down food using acids and enzymes. The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder release substances that continue digestion in the small intestine, where most absorption occurs. Undigested material then moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed before waste is excreted through the rectum and anus. The organs work together through this pathway to digest food for energy and eliminate waste.

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    The digestive system breaks down food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Food enters the mouth where teeth break it down and saliva begins digestion. It then moves to the stomach through the esophagus. The stomach further breaks down food using acids and enzymes. The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder release substances that continue digestion in the small intestine, where most absorption occurs. Undigested material then moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed before waste is excreted through the rectum and anus. The organs work together through this pathway to digest food for energy and eliminate waste.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    127 views49 pages

    4thQ Week1 PPT Digestive

    Uploaded by

    Geronimo Santiago
    The digestive system breaks down food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Food enters the mouth where teeth break it down and saliva begins digestion. It then moves to the stomach through the esophagus. The stomach further breaks down food using acids and enzymes. The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder release substances that continue digestion in the small intestine, where most absorption occurs. Undigested material then moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed before waste is excreted through the rectum and anus. The organs work together through this pathway to digest food for energy and eliminate waste.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 49

    THE HUMAN

    DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
    Our Objectives for the day:
    Describe the functions of each organ of
    the digestive system and trace the pathway
    of food through the digestive tract
    Discuss how digestive organs work
    together to carry out digestion of food and
    assimilation of nutrient
    What happens to
    the food once
    digested?
    The Organ System in charge
    in digesting our food and
    converting it into energy we
    need in our daily life is the
    Digestive System
    The Digestive System

    It is composed of
    different organs
    cooperating for
    food digestion.
    TYPES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS

    1. Accessory organs –
    assist in food
    digestion. (salivary
    glands, liver,
    gallbladder, pancreas)
    TYPES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS

    2. Alimentary canal –
    contains organs where
    food passes through
    (mouth, pharynx,
    esophagus, stomach,
    small and large
    intestines, rectum, anus)
    PROCESS OF DIGESTION

    1. Mechanical – involves the


    cutting, crushing or grinding
    of food using the teeth
    (mastication)
    2. Chemical – involves the
    action of enzymes and other
    chemical substances in the
    body
    How long does
    it take to digest
    food?
    THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS
     Ingestion of food
     Breakdown of food for cell
    absorption
     Eliminating
    undigested materials
    Where does
    digestion begin?
    A. Ingestion
    of food
    A. THE ORAL CAVITY

    Ingestion is the process from


    hich the body take in the food through
    he mouth for digestion, absorption and
    elimination. The mouth and oral
    cavity is the first portion of the
    digestive tract or alimentary canal.
    The Teeth

    A tooth (plural teeth) is a hard,
    calcified structure found in the jaws (or
    mouths) of many vertebrates and used
    to break down food.. 
    External tooth division - consists of enamel, dentin,
    cementum and pulp tissue. The portion of a tooth exposed
    to the oral cavity is known as the dental crown.

    a) Crown
    b) Enamel
    c) Neck
    d) Dentin
    e) Pulp tissue
    f) Cementum
    Internal tooth division – is the portion below the dental
    crown which is also known as the tooth root

    a) Root
    b) Root Canal
    FOUR TYPES OF HUMAN TEETH
    1. Incisors (8 in adult)
    2. Cuspids (Canines)
    3. Bicuspids (Premolars) (8 in adult)
    4. Molars (12 in adult) Third molars (wisdom)
    Four types of
    human teeth
    The Salivary glands

    Initial chemical digestion depends on


    an accessory organ – the salivary
    gland. Chemical digestion involves
    enzymatic action, which is
    accomplished through the saliva.
    SALIVARY GLANDS
    1. Parotid gland – lies in front of ear; empties saliva
    near the second upper molar
    2. Sublingual gland – lies under the floor of the
    mouth; empties saliva by numerous sublingual
    ducts
    3. Submandibular gland – lies deep in the mouth;
    empties saliva on either side of the lingual
    frenulum (small fold under the tongue)
    SALIVARY GLANDS
    The bolus is the end
    product of the food that
    has been chewed,
    partially digested, and
    lubricated by the saliva.
    PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS

    A flap called epiglottis


    closes the air openings
    when food is swallowed.
    It prevents the bolus from
    entering the trachea and
    ensures food enters the
    esophagus.
    is a series of wave-like
    muscle contractions
    that move food through
    the digestive tract. It
    starts in the esophagus
    where strong wave-like
    motions of the smooth
    muscle move balls of
    swallowed food to the
    stomach.
    B. Breakdown
    of food for
    cell
    absorption
    THE STOMACH
    is a muscular organ located on the
    left side of the upper abdomen.
    The stomach receives food from
    the esophagus. As food reaches the
    end of the esophagus, it enters
    the stomach through a muscular
    valve called the lower esophageal
    sphincter. The stomach secretes
    acid and enzymes that digest food.
    A. Sphincters – prevent the stomach from leaking out
    gastric juices
    Cardiac sphincter – near esophagus
    Pyloric sphincter – near s. intestine.
    B. Fundus - the upper part of the stomach next to the cardia.
    Body (corpus): the main part of the stomach, between the
    upper and lower parts.
    C. Body - intermediate region, the central and largest
    portion; the antrum, the lowermost, somewhat funnel-
    shaped portion of the stomach
    Pancreas 
    During digestion, your
    pancreas makes pancreatic
    juices called enzymes. These
    enzymes break down sugars,
    fats, and starches. Your
    pancreas also helps your
    digestive system by making
    hormones. These are chemical
    messengers that travel through
    your blood.
    Which Cell responsible in digesting our food

    1. Chief cells – release


    pepsinogen (form
    pepsin once in contact
    with acid)
    2. Goblet cells – produces
    mucus that lines up the
    cells
    Liver
    The liver regulates most
    chemical levels in the
    blood and excretes a
    product called bile. This
    helps carry away waste
    products from the liver.
    All the blood leaving the
    stomach and intestines
    passes through the liver.
    The small intestine - carries
    out most of the digestive
    process, absorbing almost all of
    the nutrients you get from foods
    into your bloodstream. The
    walls of the small intestine
    make digestive juices, or
    enzymes, that work together
    with enzymes from the liver
    and pancreas to do this.
    The digestion
    ends in Small
    Intestine
    The final products are
    amino acids,
    monosaccharides, fatty
    acids and glycerol that
    we need to perform our
    daily lives
    Digestive organ Function
    Breaks down starches into simpler sugars
    Mouth
    Stomach Breaks down proteins
    Breaks down sugars into simpler
    molecules
    Small intestine Breaks down proteins into amino acids

    Continue proteins breakdown


    Small Intestine,
    Pancreas Continue starches breakdown
    Breaks down fats
    C. Eliminating
    undigested
    materials
    THE LARGE INTESTINE
    The site where undigested materials are transported and water
    absorption happens.
    RECTUM
    The site of feces
    formation and temporary
    storage of undigested
    food.
    ANUS
    The site where feces
    are expelled out of the
    body.
    Some common
    Digestive
    Disorder
    1. Dental caries – tooth decay or cavity. Characterized
    by demineralization and destruction of the different
    tooth layers (enamel, dentin, cementum).
    2. Heartburn - characterized
    by burning sensation in chest.
    It is caused by the reflux of
    acid from the stomach back to
    esophagus.
    3. Gastric ulcer (stomach ulcer) – caused by H. pylori.
    The caustic effects of acid and pepsin reach the walls of
    the stomach and cause lesions.
    4. Appendicitis –
    inflammation of
    appendicitis. The
    result of obstruction of
    the inside space of
    appendix. The
    appendix then
    accumulates mucus
    and swells.
    5. Diarrhea – characterized by having three or
    more loose liquid bowel movements per day.
    The End

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