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Fibonacci Sequence

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and how it appears in nature. It defines the Fibonacci sequence as a sequence where each term is the sum of the previous two terms, starting with 1, 1. This is demonstrated through a model of a reproducing pair of rabbits, where each month the number of pairs matches the next number in the Fibonacci sequence. As the rabbit example progresses each month, the numbers match the sequence perfectly until reaching 55 pairs after 10 months.

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sergio paulo esguerra
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63 views

Fibonacci Sequence

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and how it appears in nature. It defines the Fibonacci sequence as a sequence where each term is the sum of the previous two terms, starting with 1, 1. This is demonstrated through a model of a reproducing pair of rabbits, where each month the number of pairs matches the next number in the Fibonacci sequence. As the rabbit example progresses each month, the numbers match the sequence perfectly until reaching 55 pairs after 10 months.

Uploaded by

sergio paulo esguerra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Fibonacci sequence
• Sequences can be neither geometric or arithmetic
• Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, where the first two terms are 1
• Alternative, F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2)
• Each term is the sum of the previous two terms
• Sequence: { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, … }
• This is the Fibonacci sequence

• Full formula:

F ( n) 

1  5   1  5 
n n

5  2n
2

Fibonacci sequence in nature


13
8
5
3
2
1
3

Reproducing rabbits
• You have one pair of rabbits on an island
• The rabbits repeat the following:
• Get pregnant one month
• Give birth (to another pair) the next month
• This process repeats indefinitely (no deaths)
• Rabbits get pregnant the month they are born

• How many rabbits are there after 10 months?


4

Reproducing rabbits
• First month: 1 pair
• The original pair
• Second month: 1 pair
• The original (and now pregnant) pair
• Third month: 2 pairs
• The child pair (which is pregnant) and the parent pair (recovering)
• Fourth month: 3 pairs
• “Grandchildren”: Children from the baby pair (now pregnant)
• Child pair (recovering)
• Parent pair (pregnant)
• Fifth month: 5 pairs
• Both the grandchildren and the parents reproduced
• 3 pairs are pregnant (child and the two new born rabbits)
5

Reproducing rabbits
• Sixth month: 8 pairs
• All 3 new rabbit pairs are pregnant, as well as those not pregnant
in the last month (2)
• Seventh month: 13 pairs
• All 5 new rabbit pairs are pregnant, as well as those not pregnant
in the last month (3)
• Eighth month: 21 pairs
• All 8 new rabbit pairs are pregnant, as well as those not pregnant
in the last month (5)
• Ninth month: 34 pairs
• All 13 new rabbit pairs are pregnant, as well as those not pregnant
in the last month (8)
• Tenth month: 55 pairs
• All 21 new rabbit pairs are pregnant, as well as those not pregnant
in the last month (13)
6

Reproducing rabbits
• Note the sequence:
{ 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, … }

• The Fibonacci sequence again


7

Fibonacci sequence
• Another application:

• Fibonacci references from


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence
8

Fibonacci sequence
• As the terms increase, the ratio between
successive terms approaches 1.618
F (n  1) 5 1
lim    1.618933989
n  F ( n) 2

• This is called the “golden ratio”


• Ratio of human leg length to arm length
• Ratio of successive layers in a conch shell

• Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio

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