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Computer Graphics (CGR)

Computer graphics are composed of basic graphical elements called output primitives. The main output primitives are pixels, lines, rectangles, circles, and ellipses. A line is defined by its starting and ending points. A circle is defined by its center point and radius. A rectangle is defined by its top-left and bottom-right coordinates. An ellipse is similar to a circle but its radii can differ on the x- and y-axes. Each primitive requires specific attributes, like coordinates and dimensions, to render its geometric shape.

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60 views11 pages

Computer Graphics (CGR)

Computer graphics are composed of basic graphical elements called output primitives. The main output primitives are pixels, lines, rectangles, circles, and ellipses. A line is defined by its starting and ending points. A circle is defined by its center point and radius. A rectangle is defined by its top-left and bottom-right coordinates. An ellipse is similar to a circle but its radii can differ on the x- and y-axes. Each primitive requires specific attributes, like coordinates and dimensions, to render its geometric shape.

Uploaded by

Prajkta Ahirrao
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Graphics(CGR)

OUTPUT PRIMITIVES
Output Primitives
 Computer graphics are made up of basic components of
Computer Graphics that are called as Graphic Output
Primitives.
 The primitives are the simple geometric functions that are
used to generate various Computer Graphics required by
the user.
 Some of the output primitives are pixel, straight line,
rectangle, circle, ellipse, etc.
Line Function

 It consists of two pixels or points one is starting


point and another is the ending point.
 It is drawn using two co-ordinates or we can say for
parameters that is (X1,Y1) and another is (X2,Y2).
Attributes to draw a line
 To draw a line we need attributes like co-ordinates (x1,y1), (x2,y2),
line colour, and sometimes we can consider the width of the line too.
 We give this function like ,
line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
(x1, y1)- Starting point
(x2, y2)- Ending point
 Example: line(200,100,300,100);

(X1, Y1) (X2, Y2)


Fig. A
Circle Function

 Circle function is used to draw a circle with center (x, y) and


radius of a circle.
 It has only one co-ordinate as its starting point and ending point
are at a same location and radius is required to measured the
size of circle.
Attributes to draw a Circle

 We represent this function like:


circle(int x, int y, int radius);
(x, y)- Starting and ending points of a circle
 Example: circle (300,200,40)

Fig. B (300,200)
r (40)
Rectangle Function
 Rectangle function is used to draw a rectangle. It has four co-
ordinates.
 Co-ordinates of left top and right bottom, corner are required
to draw the rectangle

300 400

600 Fig. C 500


Attributes to draw a rectangle
 We represent this function like:
rectangle (int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
int left– co-ordinates at the left of rectangle
int top– co-ordinates at the top of rectangle
int right- co-ordinates at the right of rectangle
int bottom- co-ordinates at the bottom of rectangle
 Example: rectangle (300,400,500,600)
Ellipse Function

 Ellipse is a bit similar to circle but not a circle, As circle as


infinite axis and ellipse has only two axis of different length.
 If we want vertical ellipse figure, we have to focus more or
extend the length of the co-ordinates of the y- axis so that its
get elongated.
 And on the other hand if we want a horizontal ellipse figure, we
have to exact vice-versa of the above process.
Attributes to draw an ellipse
 We represented this function like:
ellipse (int x, int y, start angle, end angle, int x radius,
int y radius);
 Ellipse is drawn with center (x, y), starting angle, end angle,
radius of x and y axis
 Example: ellipse( 150, 200, 0, 360, 20, 40)

Fig. D
THANKS TO ALL
Created by: Samiksha More & Chetan Mahajan

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