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Design Communication

The document discusses various aspects of design communication including: 1. Effective communication throughout the design process between team members and stakeholders is important to avoid issues. 2. Visual communication methods like drawings, models, and documentation are important. 3. Material selection is a key part of design and is based on performance, processing, environmental, and cost criteria. Tolerances must also be considered. 4. Standards and codes provide guidelines for designers to ensure safety, compatibility, and best practices.

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76 views27 pages

Design Communication

The document discusses various aspects of design communication including: 1. Effective communication throughout the design process between team members and stakeholders is important to avoid issues. 2. Visual communication methods like drawings, models, and documentation are important. 3. Material selection is a key part of design and is based on performance, processing, environmental, and cost criteria. Tolerances must also be considered. 4. Standards and codes provide guidelines for designers to ensure safety, compatibility, and best practices.

Uploaded by

abinmace
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BE-102

Design & Engineering


Design Communication
Communication the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium

 Throughout the design process team members should communicate properly


to avoid design entanglement and other issues
 The proper communication between client, designer, marketing specialist,
production engineer etc. will help to improve any designs.
 Communication issues may leads to too many design failures and other post
production problems
 Feedback communication plays a vital role in improving designs
How to Communicate a Design
Communicate a Design is often more complex than any other information
transferring process. Hence a designer might use different aspects of communication
such as Visual, Verbal, Written etc.
Design Visualisation

2D- Drawings 3D- Drawings 3D Models/ 3D Printing

Documentation: One of the most important activities in design is documenting your work, clearly communicating the solution
to your design problem so someone else can understand what you have created. Usually this consists of a design or technical
report.
3D- Drawings
3D Models/ 3D Printing
It will bring hands-on experience to designers as well as client
Material Selection
There are over 100,000 engineering materials to choose from. The typical design engineer should have ready access to
information on 30 to 60 materials, depending on the range of applications he or she deals with.
Material Selection Criteria

Materials are selected on the basis of four general criteria:


• Performance characteristics (properties)
• Processing (manufacturing) characteristics
• Environmental profile
• Business considerations
Material Selection Criteria's
1.Availability
 Are there multiple sources of supply?
 What is the likelihood of availability in the future?
 Is the material available in the forms needed (tubes, wide sheet, etc.)?

2. Size limitations and tolerances on available material shapes and forms,


e.g., sheet thickness or tube wall concentricity
3. Excessive variability in properties
4.Environmental impact, including ability to recycle the material
5. Cost. Materials selection comes down to buying properties at the best available price
Material Selection Example
Consider the question of materials selection for an automotive exhaust system. The product
design specification states that it must provide the following functions:
 Conduct engine exhaust gases away from the engine
 Prevent noxious fumes from entering the car
 Cool the exhaust gases
 Reduce the engine noise
 Reduce the exposure of automobile body parts to exhaust gases
 Affect the engine performance as little as possible
 Help control unwanted exhaust emissions
 Have an acceptably long service life
 Have a reasonable cost, both as original equipment and as a replacement part
Material Requirements for an Automotive Exhaust System
Mechanical property requirements not overly severe.
 Suitable rigidity to prevent excessive vibration
 Moderate fatigue resistance
 Good creep resistance in hot parts

Limiting property:
corrosion resistance , especially in the cold end where gases condense to form corrosive liquids.

Properties of unique interest:


The requirements are so special that only a few materials meet them regardless of cost.
 Pt-base catalysts in catalytic converter
 Special ceramic carrier that supports the catalyst
Previous materials used:
Low-carbon steel with corrosion-resistant coatings.
Material is relatively inexpensive, readily formed and welded. Life of tailpipe and muffler is limited.

Newer materials used:


With greater emphasis on automotive quality, many producers have moved to specially developed stainless steels with
improved corrosion and creep properties. Ferritic 11% Cr alloys are used in the cold end components and 17 to 20% Cr
ferritic alloys and austenitic Cr-Ni alloys in the hot end of the system.
Why these materials are suitable for particular applications as mentioned bellow

Rubber as Washer
Steel as structure support
Polythene as bag

Thermocol for packing Leather as Belt


Titanium alloy for Medical Implants
Tolerance
 A tolerance is the permissible variation from the specified dimension
 The designer must decide how much variation is allowable from the basic dimension of the
component to accomplish the desired function.
 The tolerance on a part is the difference between the upper and lower allowable limits of a
basic size dimension

Each manufacturing process has an inherent ability to maintain a certain range of


tolerances, and to produce a certain surface roughness (finish).To achieve
tolerances outside of the normal range requires special processing that typically
results in an exponential increase in the manufacturing cost.
Types of Tolerance

Bilateral tolerance
The variation occurs in both directions from the basic dimension. That is, the upper limit
exceeds the basic value and the lower limit falls below it.
2.500 ± 0.005 (This is the most common way of specifying tolerances)

Unilateral tolerance:
The basic dimension is taken as one of the limits, and variation is in only one direction
Standards & Codes in Design
Code is a collection of laws and rules that assists a government agency in meeting its
obligation to protect the general welfare by preventing damage to property or injury or loss of
life to persons.
Standard is a generally agreed-upon set of procedures, criteria, dimensions, materials, or
parts. Engineering standards may describe the dimensions and sizes of small parts like screws
and bearings, the minimum properties of materials, or an agreed-upon procedure to measure a
property like fracture toughness.
Some Background:
 The U.S. federal government is the largest single creator and user
of standards: more than 45,000 (by current estimates)!
 About 210 organization are designated Standard Development
Organizations (SDO’s)
 Most Standards (about 90%) come from about 20 of these SDO’s
 ASTM, ASME, IEEE, AISI (ASM), ASCE, MilStd (Mil Specs),
are some of the most important SDO’s
Taking them Global!

 ANSI and (U.S. National Committee (USNC)) are the U.S. clearing
house for Standards and a founding member of ISO!
 Internationally we see Standard Organization in each of the major
Industrial Nations and several Umbrella Groups:
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
 International Electro-technical Commission (IEC)
 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Why Standards & Codes ?

• it makes the best practice available to everyone, thereby ensuring efficiency and safety.

• it promotes interchangeability and compatibility. With respect to the second point, anyone who has traveled widely in other
countries will understand the compatibility problems with connecting plugs and electrical voltage and frequency when trying
to use small appliances
How they’re used:
 Standards are a  They teach us, as engineers, how we can
“COMMUNICATION” tool that best meet environmental, health, safety and
allows all users to speak the same societal responsibilities
language when reacting to products
or processes
 They provide a “Legal,” or at least
enforceable, means to evaluate
acceptability and sale-ability of
products and/or services
 They can be taught and applied
globally!
 They, ultimately, are designed to
protect the public from questionable
designs, products and practices

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