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EFP and ENG Production

Electronic field production (EFP) involves video productions that take place outside of a television studio, such as nature documentaries, sporting events, and live news reports. EFP crews can range from a single camera operator to a full mobile production truck. Modern sports broadcasts make extensive use of EFP techniques with production trucks that include multiple cameras, video effects, microphones, and cable infrastructure.

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4K views24 pages

EFP and ENG Production

Electronic field production (EFP) involves video productions that take place outside of a television studio, such as nature documentaries, sporting events, and live news reports. EFP crews can range from a single camera operator to a full mobile production truck. Modern sports broadcasts make extensive use of EFP techniques with production trucks that include multiple cameras, video effects, microphones, and cable infrastructure.

Uploaded by

vidhi gupta
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electronic Field

Production
and
Electronic News
Gathering

Ashmi Jain
Vaishalli Priya
Bhopathi Hema
Electronic Field Production (EFP)
Introduction
Electronic field production, or “EFP” is a television-industry term for a video
production that takes place “in the field” — in other words, outside of a formal
television studio.
Examples of EFP are everything from truly outside, field events such as nature
documentaries or reporting on spontaneous riots or car chases, to sporting events,
awards shows, concerts, interviews that take place outside of a formal production
studio, reports from large conventions such as the Democratic National
Convention, Republican National Convention, or San Diego Comic-Con
International.
Crew of EFP

EFP crews range from a single camera operator or crew of


two (camera operator with sound mixer) capturing high-
quality imagery, to a multiple-camera setup utilizing
videography, photography, and advanced graphics and
sound and often an entire mobile production truck.
Use of EFP in Sports
Sports broadcasts make up the majority of EFPs. Major broadcast networks once owned their
own production trailers for covering major events, but since then, with the explosion in
networks on cable and over-the-air, they and broadcast rental companies rent production trucks
by the day or week for more routine or remote productions.

A typical sports production truck includes:


* A large video switcher with an external digital video effects unit and several mix/effect
busses, to allow the director flexibility in calling for certain visual effects in the broadcast.
* Several tripod-mounted and handheld cameras.
* A variety of zoom lenses for the tripod-mounted "hard" cameras, typically at least 50x to
100x magnification, and a maximum focal length of at least 600 mm. The extreme amount of
magnification is necessary because the cameras can be located quite a distance from the action.
* Several video recording and playback devices such as VCRs or hard disk recorders.
Certain cameras or video feeds can be "isolated" to specific decks, and when
something happens that the producer or director wants to see again, the deck can be
rewound and shown on the air as an instant replay. Hard disk recorders typically allow
some limited editing capabilities, allowing highlight reels to be edited together in the
middle of a game.
* Several character generators allowing scores and statistics to be shown on screen.
The scoreboards used in most sports facilities can be linked to the truck to drive the
television production's graphics as well as the arena scoreboards.
* An audio mixing booth and a variety of microphones to capture audio from the
sportscasters and from the field of play.
* Several miles of various types of cable.
Related Techniques

* Contrasted with the production values of EFP, in electronic journalism or ENG,


the emphasis is on quickness and agility in acquisition and rapidity in the process
of editing, leading to final transmission to the audience is the goal. The two terms
are often seen paired as EFP-ENG and vice versa.

* Many episodic television shows, four-camera situation comedy, television


drama, such as PBSs Masterpiece Theatre all draw upon forms of EFP
EFP Kit EFP Vehicle
Electronic News Gathering (EFP)
Introduction Electronic news-gathering (ENG) is when reporters
and editors make use of electronic video and audio
technologies in order to gather and present news. 

The process of reporting events and activities that


occur outside the television studio.

ENG is the term used for the technical production


facilities required for outdoor productions.

In modern news operations, however, it also includes


SNG (Satellite News Gathering) and DSNG (Digital
Satellite News Gathering).
 ENG is reporting with picture recording machines.
 Pictures are recorded electronically on the videotape.
 ENG started when the video cassette recorder was improved upon to meet broadcast quality.
 The basic tools are a portable camcorder (television camera and video camera recorder built as a
single unit). The camera is compact and operates from a storage battery pack.
 The remotes are the video recordings of people and events done outside the studio. From these
locations, stories can be sent back live to the newsroom. The camera signals are simply transmitted
back to the station and put directly on air - usually by microwave or satellite transmission.

This is the basic difference between it and Outside Broadcasting (OB). The OB van may have
facilities to record and air events at locations. But it has no satellite connections. Usually, signals
are relayed back to the station for onward transmission. This may however be at the same time.
ENG in TV Broadcasting
 The use of ENG has made television news reporting more lively, faster, and flexible.
Broadcasting stations increasingly use ENG to bring on the spot reports of events
happening in far and near locations to their viewers.
 With recent improvements in videotape technology, television newscasts are more
visually exciting and lively because the development of the media is always dependent
on the Pictures and live reporting using ENG machines have made television far better
able to take viewers to all parts of the world and wherever the news is breaking.
 The print medium may wait to tell their readers what has happened in their next
edition but the television medium is showing and telling the viewers exactly what is
happening now and with vivid pictures! Indeed ENG brings the people to the news
events.
Benefits of ENG
ENG confers three basic benefits to broadcast news reporting, these are:
i) Speed: The technology grants speed to news reporting as the videotapes and digital discs from the
ENG machines are available and ready for editing immediately after they are recorded. All the
reporter has to do is to remove the tape from the machine.
 
ii) Editing flexibility: The technology allows for the quick construction of a basic news story. Audio
and visual effects can be added for emphasis. Some models of the basic equipment have editing units
attached to them. This means that the reporter can edit his stories right there at the locations even
before reaching the studio.
 
iii) Mobility: The use of helicopters, microwave and satellite news gathering equipment have made it
possible to reach further and faster to any part of the world to cover present happenings. This
therefore adds depth and breadth to news coverage as well as goes live from the scene of a story.
Objectives
1. Getting the story
2. Visuals and Actuality
3. Making a News Story for a mass audience
4. Balance of News / The angle
5. Different Stroke/Treatment
Reporter’s Skills
• Strong writing skills, and ability to convey information in a clear, concise and conversational
manner.
• Excellent live reporting skills and strong on- camera presentation skills.

• Able to work a flexible schedule, including nights and weekends.

• Ability to interact professionally and build relationships and sources.

• Ability to shoot and edit digital video.

• Strong research skills, including the ability to navigate online search engines.

• On and Behind-the-camera skills.

• Social Media & Multimedia experience.


Team Work

A successful ENG team produces a The reporter and Cameraperson


video segment that enables viewers must be prepared for every situation
to experience the event as if they that might present itself during the
were there. reporting of an event.

Library and internet resources to Phone calls and face-to-face


obtain background information on a informal meetings to obtain
larger scale. background information.
Equipment
• The camera is now the most powerful weapon in the world.
• Always check the camcorder and recording equipment before leaving the
studio. Perform an Audio & Video check before leaving the studio.
• Bring the microphones for various purpose.
• POWER Supply: Charged batteries, Charger, Ac power supply, extra
microphone batteries.
• Storage Devices, tripod, headphones
• Portable lighting Devices
• Pen or pencil and paper for note taking.
At the scene
The Reporter….
• Talks with the organizer or supervisor of the event to obtain details.
• Talks to several people involved in the activity and identifies potential interview
guests.
• Prepares the script for lead in, narration, and questions.
The ENG Crew /The videographer….
• Prepares all equipment (camcorder, storage devices, microphones, tripod, etc.)
• Starts videotaping activities,
• Discusses camera shots with the reporter, making sure to capture video covered by
script.
Recording the Story
> Records several minutes of each activity as it occurs.
> Uses a variety of camera angles.
> Capture sounds of the event to use in the postproduction process.
> Records several "sound bites" to use during postproduction.
> Record "talking heads" with comments from participants.
> Record interviews.
Telling the story: Key Points

Reporter Lead-ins
Two or three sentences that enable the viewer to quickly grasp the content of the report.
Reporter Narration
• Information read by the reporter, usually overlaid with video clips during postproduction
• Record narration while at the location.
• Record two or three takes and use the best one.
• Two or three sentences, at a slightly slower rate than normal conversation.
• The tone should reflect the mood.
Reporter Tag
• Summarizes the content
• Opportunity for the reporter to identify himself/herself and the station affiliation.
Difference between
ENG and EFP
• They are very similar but in EFP- electronic field production- but it is carefully
planned out much like a studio production and in ENG- electronic news
gathering- there is no time for preproduction because you are recording
unplanned events like breaking news.
• ENG mostly covers breaking news whereas EFP covers documentary, sports,
parades.

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