Corad Chap. 1

History of Correction
Philippines - The Correctional System
 Bureau of Prisons of the Department of Justice -

supervised national level or national prisons. National
prisons are those serious offenders. While those serving
short-term sentences were held in local facilities.
 The bureau was responsible for the Safekeeping of prisoners

and their Rehabilitation through general and moral
education and technical training in industry and agriculture.
 The nation’s largest prison was the National Penitentiary at
Muntinlupa, Rizal Province, near Manila. It served as the
central facility for those sentenced to life imprisonment or
long-term incarceration.
 The Correctional Institution for Women was located in

Metro Manila. Other prison and penal farms were located in
Zamboanga City, Palawan, Mindoro Occidental, and in
several Mindanao provinces.
The Criminal Justice System of the
Philippines and its Components
 The system has five distinct but coordinated components; namely:

Law Enforcement, Prosecution, Court, Correction and the
Community.
Functions of the Five Components in the Criminal Justice System

 Law Enforcement - conduct investigation, arrest or detain violator
 Prosecution - evaluate the findings of the police submitted to their
office, to act as a legal prosecutor of the offended party.
 Court - conduct cross examination of the witness, to hold
trial before giving final decision of the case
 Correction - to reform the convicted offender through
rehabilitation program inside the correction.
 Community - to help and coordinate the program of the
government specifically on the maintenance of peace and
order.
Early Forms of Punishment in Primitive Time
 Blood Feuds - ancient culture developed the idea of justice

based on vengeance, retribution, and compensation.
 Lex Taliones / Law of Retaliation - is the principle that a
person who has injured another person is to be penalized
to a similar degree by the injured party. Also known as “an
eye for an eye”
The Medieval Punishment - brutal exercise of punishment
using Knives, Axes, Whip, Barnacles, Collars, and Cuffs were
commonly used to inflict punishment along with confinement
in cold, dark, damp, vermin- infested dungeons.
 1. Iron Maiden - is a box-like device with the front half

hinged like a door so that a person could be placed inside.
when the door was shut, protruding spikers both back and
front entered the body of the victim.
 2. The rack - a kind of a device that drags apart the joints
in the feet and hands.
 3. The Tower of London - the rack stretched its victims,
this machine compressed the body of the victims, the whole
body is bent that some blood exudes from the tips of the
hands and feet.
 4. Banishment and Exile - serious offenders were
transported to banishment or exile.
IRON MAIDEN THE RACK
THE TOWER OF LONDON BANISHMENT AND EXILE
DEFINITION AND HISTORY OF
CORRECTION
 Correction – is a branch of the Criminal Justice System
concerned with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation
of criminal offenders.
 Correction as a Process – the orientation of the criminal
offenders to prevent them from repeating their delinquent
actions.
 Criminal Justice System – is the machinery of any
government in the control and prevention of crimes and
criminality.
Origin of the word prison
 The word prison has found its roots from the Greco Roman
word “Presidio” from word “pre” means before and “sidio”
means inside. This term is synonymous to a “fence, cave,
and or dungeon”. The word presidio started in the reign of
King Hammurabi of Babylon in 1729 BC.
The Gulag of Banaue

The term gulag of Igorot tribes refers to where the refuse is
dumped, usually found in the mountain creek. In crucial times,
the gulag was used as a prison.
The Gulag of Germany
“Aleksandr Solzhenisyn” infamous gulag prison in
Germany where thousands of Jews were slaughtered during
the reign of Adolf Hitler.
The Gulag of Russia

It is a Russian acronym for corrective labor camp (force
labor). The most dreaded and feared prison at the time of
Joseph Stalin between 1934 and 1947.
The World’s Worst Infamy Prisons
 Bastille Prison- a fortress prison in Paris, France; in
17th century, it was used as prisons were hundreds of
political prisoners were tortured and executed.
 Alcatraz Prison – it is the site of infamous prison noted
for its inhuman treatment and tortures. It was fortified
and used as military prisons.
 Sachsenhausen Prison – built in 1939 outside Berlin
proper as Germany’s concentration camps for the
dreaded Nazi’s SS elite force.
 Auschwitz Prison – it was popularly known as the
death camp headed by Rudolf Hoess.
 Toul Sleng Prison – one of the most notorious prisons in
Cambodia that even humbled the killing field in Battambang
Province. It looks like a mountain-size file of human skull
and bones.
 Insein Prison – is a pygmy in size compared with other
prisons in western countries, but it became the focus of
world attention when political dissents were placed behind
bars.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRISONS
1. The Walnut Street Jail – constructed as detention jail in
Philadelphia. It became the first United States penitentiary
system.
2. The Auburn System – confinement of prisoners in single
cell at night and congregate work in shops during day time.
3. The Pennsylvania Prisons – the rival penitentiary system of
the Auburn. Its features consists a solitary confinement of the
prisoners in their own cell day and night where they lived, slept,
received religious instructions and read the bible. Silence also
strictly observed (Fox, 1998).
THE SCHOOL OF PENOLOGY

1. CLASSICAL SCHOOL – this school of thought was
advocated by Dr. Cesare Beccaria who maintained the
doctrine of psychological hedonism; that an individual
calculates pleasure and pain. His conduct is the result of his
calculations.
2. POSITIVE SCHOOL OF THOUGHT – advocated by Dr.
Cesare Lombroso; the positive school of thought opposed the
“doctrine of free will”. Lombroso believes that an individual who
commits a crime should not be punished according to the crime
commited but the imposition of the said penalty should be meted
out in to the soundness of the mind of the offender at the time
that the offense was committed.
3. NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL – it argues that since children
and lunatic persons cannot calculate pleasure and pain hence
they should not be regarded as criminals and as such they
should not be punished.

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Corad Chap. 1

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History of Correction

Philippines - The Correctional System

 Bureau of Prisons of the Department of Justice -

 The bureau was responsible for the Safekeeping of prisoners

 The Correctional Institution for Women was located in

 The system has five distinct but coordinated components; namely:

Functions of the Five Components in the Criminal Justice System

 Blood Feuds - ancient culture developed the idea of justice

 1. Iron Maiden - is a box-like device with the front half

The Gulag of Banaue

The Gulag of Russia

THE SCHOOL OF PENOLOGY

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