Working with XML &

Web Services
UNIT - 7
 XML
 XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language
 XML is text file that contains information organized in a
structure that meets XML standards.
 XML is markup language much like HTML but both have many
differences between them.
 Using XML you can create your own tags.XML is used to
describe data.
 XML is platform independent.
 XML offers an effective way of defining standards for data
transfer across different types of applications.
 XML can seprate data from HTML.HTML is mainly used for
presentation where XML focuses on data part.
 XML allows data only in well formed manner which makes
easy to identify the data even multiple lelvels.
 XML
 In XML, you can create DTD(Data Type Definition) and
XSD(XML Schema Definition) files to specify your own set of
rules for user defined tags.
 In XML, you can create XSLT(XML Style sheet
Transformation) files to show your XML data in particular
format.
 Example :
 <age>35</age>
 XML Parser
 XML Parser is small software tool that reads XML file for two
purpose.
 XML Parser checks XML file is Well Formed and Verified or not.
 XML parser parses XML documents and sends data to display in a
browser.
 The job of parser is to make sure that document meets the defined
structures, validation and constraints.
 XML Rules
 Every XML document can have only one root
element.
 Every start tag must have end tag.

 End tag can not contain any information

 If tag is empty ,the same tag can work as start and

end tag.
 All attribute’s value must be written between double
quotes.
 All tags must be nested properly in xml file.

 Tags in XML are case sensitive.

 XML Rules
 .NET has got special namespace for XML which gives
you all classes to access XML features from top to
bottom.
namespace - using System.Xml
 It provides you no. of classess
 XmlDocument (used to create XML file / document)
 XmlDataDocument (used to create Data Based XML
document)
 XmlNode(used to create Xml Node – element object)
 XmlComment (used to write comment in Xml doc)
 XmlElement (used to create Xml Element)
 XmlAttribute ( used to create Attribute for Xml Element)
 XmlNodeList (used to store list of node collection)
 Reading DataSets with XML
 You can read XML file / XML Data and store it into DataSet or
DataTable.
 Fot reading XML into DataSet or DataTable , both have two
important methods to read.
 ReadXml() method:
 This method is used to read XML data from any XML file to dataset or
datatable
 It treats all main elements under root element as different tables.if your
are using DataSet to read the data.
 It automatically stores data in XML way,because you are already
reading a file which is in XML format.
 ReadXmlSchema() method:
 Before reading XML data into dataset, if you want to specify some
schema rules before writing XML data to DataSet . You can user
ReadXmlSchema() which allows you to specify XSD file and it restricts
the data being copied into DataSet / DataTable.
 Writing DataSets with XML
 You can write DataSet or DataTable as XML file.
 For writing DataSet or DataTable as XML , both have two
important methods.
 WriteXml() method:
 This method is used to read data from DataSet and write data as
XML data.
 All Tables of DataSets are treated as Main Elements.
 All Rows of Tables are treated as Sub Elements.
 All Colums of Tables are treated as Data Elements which has
actual data of table.
 Of cource there is only one root element as per XML rule.
 WriteXmlSchema() method:
 In above method only data is written as Xml,but along with data if
you also want to write data if you also want to write schema
information, you can use WriteXmlSchema method.
 Web Services
 Web Services are group of Web Methods where each Web
Methods where each Web Method gives you some particular
functionality.
 You have already developed many methods in C# / VB.NET.
 Web Methods are same as those methods, but all web
methods are combined under a single Web Service is uploaded
/ kept on Web Server so that you can use its functionality
through various Web Methods.
 Web Services has no. of web methods that provide different
functionality which can be accessed by different types of
application. You can use web services under your Windows
Application as well as Web Application too.
 Web Services can be used by different applications regardless
of programming languages, operating systems, hardware
platformd which uses them.
 Web Services
 An application which uses Web Services is called Web
Service Client as it is used particular web service.
 You may not use all methods of web services. it depends on
your requirements which web method you want to use from
web service.
 Standards & Protocols for Web Service
 Various standards or protocols that work behind
web service :
 HTTP (Hyper Text Trasport Protocol)
 XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
 WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
 UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration)
 HTTP
 we are already aware about HTTP is used over the internet as
internet protocol.
 Using HTTP we can send and resouces over the internet.
 Using Http Request obj we can send resources over server.
 Using Http Response obj we can receive response from
server.
 When we use web service, we need to use resources that
web services used / consumed.
 XML
 Web methods are like normal methods you can using any
programming language.
 Web methods takes arguments and returns the values.
 The arguments and return values uses XML language so that
they can be platform independent
 XML contains standard data representation format that can be
used on any platform.
 SOAP
 SOAP is XML-based protocol that allows different applications
to share information over HTTP.
 Using SOAP , XML data is transferred over HTTP from one
location to another location.
 SOAP is a standard communication protocol for interchanging
information in a structured format in distributed environment.
 When a client application makes a request for a web method,
a SOAP packet is created. This SOAP packet contains the
name of the Web Method to be invoked and the parameters to
be passed to Web Methods in an XML format.
 When SOAP packet arrives at the Web Server on which the
Web Service resides, the Web Method name and its
parameters are extracted from the SOAP packet. After web
method is invoked , execute and again answer value is
returned back using SOAP packet in reverse.
 WSDL
 To able to use Web Service , the developers need to know the
methods exposed by Web Service and parameters to be
passed to these methods.
 As we have already discussed that Web Services are platform
independent .
 so, explanation of Web Methods i.e. its parameters, return
values and body, everything should also be in standard format
so that it can be shared among all platforms.
 This is achieved by using XML based description language
called WSDL.
 WSDL is language which is used to describe Web Service
and its Methods.
 WSDL
 WSDL is a markup language that describes a Web Services
and all its Web Methods.
 WSDL contains following information about particular web
services and its methods:
 All the Web Services which are specified / created under particular
Website.
 The purpose of each Web Service.
 The types of parameters and return values for each Web Method
under Web Service.
 The format to access each web service method.
 Most importantly, URL at which a Web Service can be accessed.
 Finally you can see that WSDL is used to describe and locate
Web Services.
 UDDI
 UDDI is a directory service where different companies can
register and search for their web services.
 UDDI provides standard mechanism to register and discover
a Web Service.
 UDDI is a place (directory) for storing information about Web
Services. The client who wants to access some web service,
need to first find the particular web service and then need to
use it. The place where you can find all the registered web
services , is UDDI.
 When you register Web Service under UDDI, its registered
and the URL of Web Service is stored under UDDI, which can
be accessed by client after searching it.
 UDDI communicates via SOAP.
Diagram to show how each standards communication
with each other to access Web Service

UDDI gives location of

web service WSDL which
describes Web Service
WSDL
UDDI Document
2
Registry

WSDL describes
Client ‘s application Web Service
1 Locates (Searches)
3
Web Service in UDDI

4
Client
Application Web Service
Communication b/w
Client & web services
Through SOAP
 First of all client application searches for the web application.
we have already discussed that after creating services, they
are registered under UDDI.
 So when any client’s application wants to access any web
service, it searches for web service under UDDI.
 If Web Service is registered , UDDI gives its location in a
format of WSDL document.
 We have already discussed that WSDL is XML based
descriptor which describes web application.
 Location of WSDL is given by UDDI.
CREATING A WEB SERVICE
 Step (1) : Select File -> New -> Web Site in Visual
Studio, and then select ASP.NET Web Service.
 Step (2) : A web service file called Service.asmx
and its code behind file, Service.cs is created in the
App_Code directory of the project.
 Step (3) : Change the names of the files to
StockService.asmx and StockService.cs.
 Step (4) : The .asmx file has simply a WebService
directive on it:
 <%@ WebService Language="C#" CodeBehind="~/App_Code/StockService.cs"
Class="StockService" %>
Step (5) : Open the StockService.cs file, the code
generated in it is the basic Hello World service.
SAMPLE CODE OF A WEBSERVICE
CLASS
 using System;
 using System.Collections;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Data;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Web;
 using System.Web.Services;
 using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
 using System.Xml.Linq;
 namespace StockService
 {
 // <summary>
 // Summary description for Service1 // <summary> [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
 //[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] [ToolboxItem(false)] // To allow this Web Service to be
called from script, // using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line. // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]

 public class Service1 :

System.Web.Services.WebService
{

 [WebMethod]

 public string HelloWorld()

 { return "Hello World"; }

 }

}
 WSDL describes Web Service and its embedded
Web Methods.
 WSDL describes argument list(parameters) and
returns values of each web method within web
service. So that client can get the list of each of
web methods.
 We discussed that UDDI gives location of web
service ad description in form of WSDL.
 Now finally when client gets physical location of
WSDL, client can access Web Service via SOAP.
SOAP is communication protocol which allows you
to access web service and its Web Methods.
 Step (6) : Change the code behind file to add the
two dimensional array of strings for stock symbol,
name and price and two web methods for getting
the stock information.
 [WebMethod]
 public double GetPrice(string symbol)
 {
 //it takes the symbol as parameter and returns price
 for (int i = 0; i < stocks.GetLength(0); i++)
 {
 if (String.Compare(symbol, stocks[i, 0], true) == 0)
 return Convert.ToDouble(stocks[i, 2]);
 }
 return 0;
 }
 [WebMethod]
 public string GetName(string symbol)

{

 // It takes the symbol as parameter and

 // returns name of the stock

 for (int i = 0; i < stocks.GetLength(0); i++)

 {

 if (String.Compare(symbol, stocks[i, 0], true) == 0)

return stocks[i, 1];
}
return "Stock Not Found";
}
}
STEP (7) : RUNNING THE WEB SERVICE APPLICATION
GIVES A WEB SERVICE TEST PAGE, WHICH ALLOWS
TESTING THE SERVICE METHODS.
STEP 8 : CLICK ON A METHOD NAME,
AND CHECK WHETHER IT RUNS
PROPERLY.
STEP 9 : FOR TESTING THE GETNAME METHOD, PROVIDE
ONE OF THE STOCK SYMBOLS, WHICH ARE HARD CODED,
IT RETURNS THE NAME OF THE STOCK
 For using the web service, create a web site under
the same solution.
 This could be done by right clicking on the Solution
name in the Solution Explorer.
 The web page calling the web service should have
a label control to display the returned results and
two button controls one for post back and another
for calling the service.
 The content file for the web application is as
follows:
 <h3>Using the Stock Service</h3>
 <br /> <br />

 <asp:Label ID="lblmessage"
runat="server"></asp:Label>
 <br /> <br />

 <asp:Button ID="btnpostback" runat="server"

onclick="Button1_Click" Text="Post Back"
style="width:132px" />    
 <asp:Button ID="btnservice" runat="server"
onclick="btnservice_Click" Text="Get Stock"
style="width:99px" />
 using System; using System.Collections; using
System.Configuration; using System.Data; using
System.Linq; using System.Web; using
System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using
System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using
System.Web.UI.WebControls; using
System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using
System.Xml.Linq; //this is the proxy
 using localhost;
 namespace wsclient

{

 public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
 protected void Page_Load(object sender,
EventArgs e)
{

 if (!IsPostBack)

{

 lblmessage.Text = "First Loading Time: " +

DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString } else
{ lblmessage.Text = "PostBack at: " +
DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString(); } }
 protected void btnservice_Click(object sender,
EventArgs e)
{

 StockService proxy = new StockService();

 lblmessage.Text = String.Format("Current SATYAM

Price:{0}", proxy.GetPrice("SATYAM").ToString());
}

 }

 }