IMMUNOSEROLOGY AND
BLOODBANKING
Irekevin T. Aytona
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Wag po sana pakalat dahil sobrang hirap talaga
humanap ng sagot
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D
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ANSWER IS B
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Criteria Male Female
Weight 130 LBS 150 LBS
Height 5’1 5’5
Hematocrit AT LEAST 40 % AT LEAST 40%
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C
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D
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C
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A
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A
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• The blood should not be issued if it appears
discolored or abnormally cloudy or foamy, or if
clots, clumps or loss of bag integrity are
detected.
-AABB manual 17th Ed.
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C
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HARMENING 6 EDITION TH
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DEFERRAL
FULL TERM PREGNANCY /AFTER CHILDBIRTH
-Deferred for 6 weeks (AABB)
-Deferred for 9 months(DOH)
MISCARRIAGE /ABORTION/pregnancy loss =
deferred for 6 months (WHO)
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B
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D
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NK CELL MARKERS = CD 16, CD56, AND CD94
B CELL MARKERS = CD19, CD20, CD21
T CELL MARKERS = CD2,CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8
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A
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1. Yersinia enterocolitica ✔ Most common cause of
death by bacterial
contaminated blood
components
✔ Most common isolate found
in RBC units
1. Pseudomonas spp. ✔ Second most common
isolate found of RBC units
1. Propionobacterium acnes ✔ Common isolate of human
skin, was the most common
bacterial contaminants in
RBC
1. Bacillus cerues ✔ Most frequently recovered
Staphylococcus epidermidis from donated blood and
contamination of platelet
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A
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A
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B
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HARMENING
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A
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D
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A
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B
• Primary diagnosis of candida is based on
a. PCR
b. Microscopic identification
c. Culture
d. Nucleic acid test
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C
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C
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B
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A
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C
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A
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C
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• RHEUMATOID FACTOR
=An IgM directed against the Fc of IgG
=it is associated with hyperimmunoglobulinemia
due to the fact that it is an autoab found in
Rheumatoid arthritis and many diseases
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D
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In the past 12 months, have you had a blood transfusion; a
transplant such as organ, tissue, or bone marrow; or a graft such
as bone or skin?
-Donors who during the preceding 12 months have received a
transfusion of blood or its components or other human tissues
(organ, tissue, bone marrow transplant, or bone or skin graft)
known to be possible sources of blood-borne pathogens should
be deferred for 12 months from the time of receiving the blood
product or graft - Harmening 6th edition, p.297
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C
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D
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Answer is C
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B
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• -It is a final check of ABO compatibility
between donor and patient
• - It may detect the presence of an antibody in
the patient’s serum that will react with
antigens on the donor RBCs but that was not
detected in antibody screening because the
corresponding antigen was lacking from the
screening cells
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D
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Humoral immunity
-mediated by B cell
-antibody synthesis
-primary defense against bacterial infection
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c
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IgA1
*Found in serum
*Monomer
IgA2
*Found in secretion such as saliva, breastmilk,
and tears
*Dimer
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A
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Heavy/Hard spin
• 5000g for 5mins ( packed RBC, Plt. Concentrate)
• 5000g for 7 mins (cryoprecipitate, cell free plasma)
Light Spin/ soft spin
• 2000g for 3 minutes (platelet rich plasma)
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D
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Small letter d =amorph
typo error or nag autocorrect po siguro yung sa choices
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B
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• The least abundant immunoglobulin in the serum
• Heal labile antibody, originally called REAGINIC
ANTIBODY
• Binds strongly to a receptor on MAST CELLS and
BASOPHILS and together with antigen, mediates
the release of histamine and heparin from these
cells
• Mediates some types of hypersensitivity
( allergic) reactions , allergies, and anaphylaxis
and is generally responsible for an individual’s
immunity to invading parasites
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D
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• ABO INCOMPATIBILITY
- A small volume of incompatible blood, as little
as 10ml, can cause rapid hemolysis
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A
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B
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C
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A
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B
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• GEL TECHNOLOGY
• Controlled centrifugation red cells through dextran-acrylamide gel
and appropriate reagents, predispensed in specially designed
microtube
• Can do ABO forward and reverse grouping, Rh typing, DAT,
Antibody screening, Antibody identification, and Compatibility
testing
• A gel card measures approximately 5× 7 centimeters and consists
of six microtubes. Each microtube contains predispensed gel,
diluent, and reagents, if applicable.
• Major advantage : Standardization
• Disadvantage :Need special instrument/equipments
• Centrifugation time : 10 minutes
• Incubation time : 15 mins
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D
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• Of the non–Rh system antibodies, anti-Kell is
considered the most clinically significant in its
ability to cause HDFN. K
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D
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D
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C
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A
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B
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CYFRA21-1 IS A MARKER FOR BOTH LUNG
AND BREAST CANCER
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AFP Hepatic and testicular cancers
ALP Lung cancer
Amylase Pancreatic cancer
Bence jones protein Multiple myeloma
BRCA-1 Breast or ovarian caner
CA- 125 Ovarian cancer ( treatment and recurrence)
CA-15.3 Breast cancer ( treatment and recurrence)
CA-19.9 Gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers
CA-50 Gastric and pancreatic cancers ( treatment and
recurrence)
CA-27.29 Breast cancer ( treatment and recurrence)
Calcitonin Medullary thyroid cancer
Cathepsin-D Breast cancer
CEA Colorectal, stomach, breast, lung cancer ( treatment and
recurrence)
CK-1 Small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer
Estrogen receptor Breast cancer
GGT Hepatoma
HER-2/neu Breast cancer (efficiency of trastuzumab or herceptin
therapy)
Nuclear matrix protein (NMP) Urinary bladder cancer
PSA Prostate cancer
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CYFRA 21-1 Lung cancer / Breast cancer (Henry’s)
D
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D
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B (LEWIS ANTIBODY)
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• Anti-Lea is the most commonly encountered
of the Lewis antibodies and is often detected
in room temperature tests, but it sometimes
reacts at 37°C and in the indirect antiglobulin
test. Rare hemolytic transfusion reactions
(HTR) have been reported in patients with
anti-Lea who were transfused with Le(a+)
RBCs, so anti-Lea that are reactive at 37°C,
particularly those that cause in vitro
hemolysis, should not be ignored.
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B
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C
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CLASS II
CLASS I
Genetic loci HLA – A, B, C HLA- DP, DQ, DR
Chain Alpha chain a-chain
structure B2-microglobulin beta-chain
Cell All nucleated cells Limited to antigen
distribution presenting cells
Such as B cells,
Macrophages, Dendritic
cells
Present Ag CD 8+ CD 4+
to
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A
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C
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D
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B
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• Specificity
• The specificity of a test is defined as the
proportion of subjects without the specific
disease or condition who have a negative test
result (i.e., assay correctly excludes with a
negative result):
• The sensitivity of a test is defined as the
proportion of subjects with the specific disease or
condition who have a positive test result (i.e.,
assay correctly predicts with a positive result):
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ANSWER IS C
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Madaling angkinin ang bagay na di mo
pinaghirapan :D
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ANSWER IS B
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ANSWER IS D
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B
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A
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C
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B
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turgeon
• An anti-HBc test is the Corzyme test (Abbott
Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill) EIA. The most
recent assay to be developed is the test for
anti-HBc IgM. This is considered a reliable
marker during the window period, diagnostic
of acute infection, when most other markers
may be absent.
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B
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ANTI-HBc IgM= current or recent acute
infection
Anti-HBc IgG= Chronic or past infection.
Predominant in Anti-Hbc total
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D
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c
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b
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A
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A
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D
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c
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• Autologous control =Testing the patient’s
serum with his or her own cells in an effort to
detect autoantibody activity.
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A
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RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
• The RPR is a modified VDRL test involving macroscopic agglutination.
• It is a screening test for syphilis
• The cardiolipin-containing antigen suspension is bound to charcoal particles, which
make the test easier to read.
• Detection of Reagin in serum of suspected patient with syphilis
• Antigen consists of cardiolipin, cholesterol ,lecithin with the addition of
a. EDTA – prevents oxidation of lipid
b.Thimerosal- preservative
c.Choline Chloride- inactivate the complement and stabilize the antigen
• Specimen: 50 ul or 0.05ml serum that does not have to be heat-inactivated
• Uses Plastic card
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B
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B
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B
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A
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c
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B
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A
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B
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• Clerical errors represent the main cause of
transfusionrelated deaths and acute hemolytic
transfusion reactions. (Harmening
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A
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DOUBLE NEGATIVE THYMOCYTES
= LACKS CD4+ AND CD8+
TRIPLE NEGATIVE THYMOCYTES
=LACKS CD3+, CD4+, AND CD8+
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Source or reservoir
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A
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Tertiary syphilis = gummas, and neurosyphilis
CSF VDRL TEST = CDC recommended test for
neurosyphilis
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C
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A single human contains a total of 46 chromosome
22 automosome or non-sex chromosome are acquired from each
parent
The 23rd chromosome is the sex chromosome
The ovum or egg cell in female contains X sex chromosome
The sperm cell contains either X or Y sex chromosome
A mating of XX produces a female offspring
A mating of XY produces a male offspring
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A
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D
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THE STANDARD BLOOD TO BE COLLECTED
SHOULD BE 450ml
The maximum blood to be collected is 525ml
(Harmening)
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D
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D
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D
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D
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• The potential advantage of using autologous
blood over allogeneic blood includes a
decreased risk of disease transmission,
transfusion reactions, and alloimmunization.
• The disadvantages of autologous donation or
transfusion include a higher cost due to added
administrative processes and special labeling
requirements to ensure that units get
transfused to the proper patient.
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AUTOLOGOUS DONATION CRITERIA
• Obtain a prescription or order from the patient’s physician.
• Require a minimum hemoglobin concentration of 11 g/dL (hematocrit,
33%).
• Collect at least 72 hours before the anticipated surgery or transfusion.
• Defer for conditions presenting risk of bacteremia.
• Use only for the donor-patient. If exceptional circumstances warrant
transfusion to a recipient other than the donor, the decision must be
approved by the medical director on a case-by-case basis, and units shall
not be issued for transfusion unless results of all infectious disease testing
are negative.
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B
Killing of a foreign body within a
phagolysosome is due to the formation of
hypochlorite and hydroxyl ions which damage
the ____
a. DNA
b. Protein
c. Enzymes
d. Complement
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C
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95. C 96. A
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HARMENING
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B
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98. C
99. A
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100. D
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS CORRECT
REGARDING TO RH Genes
A. C and e genes are located in different
chromosomes
B. Rho positive individuals are always
homozygous for D
C. All D negative individuals have c gene
D. Rh genes are inherited codominant
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• Most of the antigens in the various blood
group system generally follow straightforward
inheritance patterns, usually CODOMINANT
nature.
• RH blood is located in chromosome #1
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Thank YOU
Tatlong Puso Para sa Tatlong Letra ng Inyong
Pangalan RMT <3
YOU WILL PASS. YOU ARE CAPABLE. BELIEVE
AND YOU WILL RECEIVE.
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