Solar Tracking

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
ARDUINO SOLAR TRACKER

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
Dr.R.Saravanan (Professor)
Presented by:-
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CONTENTS:
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Project Objective
 Circuit Diagram
 Components Required
 Advantages
 Applications
 References
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ABSTRACT
 Solar Tracking System is a power generating method from sunlight. This method of power
generation is simple and is taken from natural resource.
 This needs only maximum sunlight to generate power. This project helps for power generation
by setting the equipment to get maximum sunlight automatically.
 This system is tracking for maximum intensity of light. When there is decrease in intensity of
light, this system automatically changes its direction to get maximum intensity of light.
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Introduction
 A solar tracker is a device that orients a payload toward the sun.
 Payloads can be photovoltaic panels, reflectors, lenses or other optical devices.
 In concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) and concentrated solar thermal (CSP)
applications are used.
 These trackers are used to enable the optical components in the CPV and CSP
systems.
 The optics in concentrated solar applications accept the direct component
of sunlight and therefore must be oriented appropriately to collect energy.
 Tracking systems are found in all concentrator applications because such
systems do not produce energy unless pointed at the sun
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Project Objective
 Global warming has increased the demand and request for green energy
produced by renewable sources such as solar power.
 Consequently, solar tracking is increasingly being applied as a sustainable
power generating solution.
 Solar Tracking System is a device for orienting a solar panel or concentrating a
solar reflector or lens towards the sun.
 Concentrators, especially in solar cell applications, require a high degree of
accuracy to ensure that the concentrated sunlight is directed precisely to the
powered device.
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Circuit Diagram
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COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 Arduino UNO
 SG90 Micro servo motor -2
 LDR - 4, 5mm
 Resistor-4,10kohm
 Potentiometer
 Pushbutton Switch - 2
 Mini Solar Panel -1
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ARUDINO UNO
 The Arduino Uno board includes the
following specifications.
 It is an ATmega328P based Microcontroller
 The Operating Voltage of the Arduino is 5V
 The recommended input voltage ranges from
7V to 12V
 The i/p voltage (limit) is 6V to 20V
 Digital input and output pins-14
 Digital input & output pins (PWM)-6
 Analog i/p pins are 6
 DC Current for each I/O Pin is 20 mA
 DC Current used for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
 The speed of the CLK is 16 MHz
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SERVO MOTORS
 A servo motor is an electromechanical device
that produces torque and velocity based on the
supplied current and voltage.
 The motor can be AC or DC, brushed or
brushless, rotary or linear, and of any size.
 A servo motor usually comes with a gear
arrangement that allows us to get a very high
torque servo motor in small and lightweight
packages.
9 8
LDRs(Light Dependent Resistor)
 light falls on the semiconductor, the light photons are
absorbed by the semiconductor lattice and some of
their energy is transferred to the electron.
 Light dependent resistors, LDRs, or photoresistors are
electronic components that are used to detect light &
change the operation of a circuit dependent upon the
light levels.
SOLAR PANNEL
 Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct
current electricity.
 The solar cells are encased and protected by a durable outer poly
frame.
 Max output power: 0.66W.
 Max working voltage: 6V.
 Max charging current: 110mA.
 Min output power: 0.55W.
 Min working voltage: 5.5V
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Advantages
 The process of attaining solar energy is unsoiled.
 It is a renewable source of energy.
 The investment is done only during the installation of solar panels, the
expenses of acquired solar energy after installation is little.
 Solar energy is a perennial source of energy.
 There is no adulteration is the process of acquiring solar energy.
 The yield rate is very high, using solar panels.
 It requires the least maintenance, once the setup is installed.
 Solar energy is very useful and can be easily drawn into applications in rural
areas where the extraction of electricity is difficult.
 Solar energy does not create noises compared to the noises created by the
machinery in the extraction of other natural resources. 11
10
APPLICATIONS
 This system software and hardware can be used to drive a real and very huge solar
panel.
 This system is used at solar power stations.
 Used in Industries, Colleges, Home utility etc…
 The computer and System Control Unit would have a wireless communication with the
mechanical structure of solar panel.
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References
1) Solar Tracking Hardware and Software by Gerro J Prinsloo
2) Design and Implementation of a Sun Tracker with a Dual-Axis Single Motor
“Jing-Min Wang and Chia-Liang Lu’’
3) Sensors and Transducers...Second Edition...’’D.Patranabis”
4) Atmel ATmega48A/PA/88A/PA/168A/PA/328/P-datasheet
5) Utilisation of Electrical Power. Author, Er. R. K. Rajput.
6) Arduino Programming Book. Author, Brian W. Evans
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THANK YOU
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ARDUINO SOLAR TRACKER

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