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Properties of Logarithms

1. There are four basic properties of logarithms: the product rule, quotient rule, power rule, and the property that taking the logarithm of both sides of an equation maintains equality. 2. Examples of using the properties include writing logarithmic expressions as a single logarithm using the product, quotient, and power rules or expanding logarithms into a sum and difference using the inverse of these rules. 3. More complicated logarithmic expressions can be expanded or condensed using multiple applications of the basic logarithm properties.

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Tshering Tashi
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124 views16 pages

Properties of Logarithms

1. There are four basic properties of logarithms: the product rule, quotient rule, power rule, and the property that taking the logarithm of both sides of an equation maintains equality. 2. Examples of using the properties include writing logarithmic expressions as a single logarithm using the product, quotient, and power rules or expanding logarithms into a sum and difference using the inverse of these rules. 3. More complicated logarithmic expressions can be expanded or condensed using multiple applications of the basic logarithm properties.

Uploaded by

Tshering Tashi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.

4 – Properties of Logarithms
Properties of Logarithms
 There are four basic properties of
logarithms that we will be working with.
For every case, the base of the logarithm
can not be equal to 1 and the values must
all be positive (no negatives in logs)
Since logs and exponentials of the same base are inverse functions of
each other they “undo” each other.

f x   a x
f 1
x   log a x
Remember that:
f  f 1  x and f 1  f  x
This means that: 1 log a x
ff a x
inverses “undo”
1 x
each each other
f  f  log a a  x
7
2 log 2 5
=5 log 3 3 =7
Product Rule

logbMN = LogbM + logbN

 Ex: logbxy = logbx + logby

log 2 + log 3
 Ex: log6 =
 Ex: log39b = log39 + log3b
Quotient Rule
M
log b  log b M  log b N
N

x
 Ex: log 5  log 5 x  log 5 y
y
a log a  log 5
 Ex: log 2  2 2
5
MN log M  log N  log P
 Ex: log 2  2 2 2
P
Power Rule
x
log b M  x log b M

2
 Ex: log 5 B  2 log 5 B

x
 Ex: log 2 5  x log 2 5
3 4
 Ex: log 7 a b  3 log 7 a  4 log 7 b
Properties of Logarithms

CONDENSED
= EXPANDED

log a MN  =log a M  log a N


1.

2. M
log a =log a M  log a N
N
3. log a M r = r log a M
(these properties are based on rules of exponents since logs
= exponents)
Let’s try some
 Working backwards now: write the following as a single
logarithm.

log 4 4  log 4 16 log 5  log 2 2 log 2 m  4 log 2 n


Let’s try some
 Write the following as a single logarithm.

log 4 4  log 4 16 log 5  log 2 2 log 2 m  4 log 2 n


Let’s try something more
complicated . . .
Condense the logs
log 5 + log x – log 3 + 4log 5

log4 5  2 log4 x  5(log4 3x  log4 5x)


Using the log properties, write the expression as a sum and/or
difference of logs (expand).

 4
 ab 4
  ab 
log 6    log 6  2 
3 2   3 
 c   c 
When working with logs, re-write any radicals as rational exponents.

2
using the second property: log 6 ab 4  log 6 c 3
M
log a  log a M  log a N 2
N
using the first property: log 6 a  log 6 b 4  log 6 c 3

log a MN  log a M  log a N


2
using the third property: log 6 a  4 log 6 b  log 6 c
log a M r  r log a M 3
Using the log properties, write the expression as a single logarithm
(condense).

1
2 log 3 x  log 3 y
2
1
2
using the third property:
log 3 x  log 3 y 2
log a M r  r log a M
this direction

2
x
using the second property: log 3 1
M
log a
N
 log a M  log a N y 2

this direction
More Properties of Logarithms
This one says if you have an equation, you can take the log of both
sides and the equality still holds.

If M  N , then log a M  log a N

If log a M  log a N , then M  N

This one says if you have an equation and each side has a log of the
same base, you know the "stuff" you are taking the logs of are equal.
Let’s try something more
complicated . . .
Condense the logs
log 5 + log x – log 3 + 4log 5

log4 5  2 log4 x  5(log4 3x  log4 5x)


Let’s try something more
complicated . . .
 Expand 3
4
10 x 2 x 
log log8  

3y2  5 
Let’s try something more
complicated . . .
 Expand 3
4
10 x 2 x 
log log8  

3y2  5 

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