Environmental

Management
Principles
Eda S.P. Adornado, MPA
 Outline of Presentation
1. Introduction to Environmental
Management
2. The concept of sustainable development
3. Agenda 21
4. The Sustainable Consumption and
Production patterns (SCP)
5. Cleaner Production
6. Environmental Management Systems
2 11/26/2022 Add a footer
  1. Introduction to Environmental Management?

• Environmental management is a broad and complex field;

involving practical issues to sustain life;
• It has to deal with the maintenance and sustenance of
environmental quality and productivity taking into
consideration Air, Land, Water;
• Global deliberations started in 1972-UN conference on “Human
Environment” (Stockholm-Sweden)-the conference brought
together the Industrialized and Developing countries Slogan:
(humans have the right to a healthy and productive
environment)

3 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  1. Introduction to Environmental Management?

• 1987 - The World Commission on Environment and Development,

in Geneva (Brundtland Commission–the Theme “Our Common
Future”-Concept of Sustainable Development
• 1992 - UN conference on Environment and Development- Rio-de
Janeiro-Brazil “The earth summit”- “Agenda 21”-the Global agenda
for addressing environmental problems.
• After adopting the UN MDG in New York in Sept. 2000, heads of
states agreed to take special measures to address the challenges
of poverty eradication and sustainable development in Africa.

4 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  1. Introduction to Environmental Management?

The Principles and Practice of Environmental Management

involves:
• setting out guidelines for the
• formulation of environmentally sound development policies
which seek
• the best possible environmental option to promote
sustainable development

5 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  1. Introduction to Environmental Management?
Approaches include among others the following:
1. Preventive principles
2. Precautionary principles
3. Polluter Pays principle
4. Assessment of risks, hazards and impacts
5. Environmental stewardship
6. Sustainable development; (Resource conservation and
pollution Control)
7. Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns
6 11/26/2022 Add a footer
  1. Introduction to Environmental Management?

Level for the Implementation of Environmental Management

• The local – National - Sub-regional - Regional - International levels.
Players in Environmental management
1. Government,
2. Government institutions
3. NGOs
4. CSO
5. Private sector
6. Individuals (Every human being)

7 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  2. The Concept of Sustainable Development

• Sustainable Development- “meeting the needs of the

present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs” (Brundtland
Commission)
• Sustainable Development is development that is in
harmony with the environment; in effect developing
but ensuring better environmental stewardship.

8 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  2. The Concept of Sustainable Development
The UN Millennium Declaration (MDG) (Sept. 2000) has
eight (8) Development Goals.
• The MDGs are eight international development goals that
were established following the Millennium Summit of the
United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United
Nations Millennium Declaration.
• All 189 United Nations member states at the time (there are
193 currently), and at least 23 international organizations,
committed themselves to help achieve the following
Millennium Development Goals by 2015.

9 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 2.0 Sustainable development and MDG (2000 to
2015)
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development

10 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  2. The Concept of Sustainable Development
The seventh goal states that: “Ensuring environmental
sustainability”. This goal has 4 TARGETS as follows:
(i) Integrate principles of sustainable development into country
Policies, Plans and Programmes and reverse the loss of
environmental resources;
(ii) Reduce Biodiversity loss, achieving by 2010 a significant
reduction in the rate of loss;
(iii) Halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to
safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015;
(iv) Nations should have significant improvement in the lives of at
least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020.
11 11/26/2022 Add a footer
  2. The Concept of Sustainable Development

The Three Pillars for national Development are:

1. Economic
2. Social
3. Environment

12 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  2. The Concept of Sustainable Development

Social

Bearable Equitable
Sustainable
Environment Economic
Visible

13 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 Summary of 2014 MDG Report

• Global poverty has been halved five years ahead of the

2015 time frame.
• Ninety percent of children in developing regions now
enjoy primary education, and disparities between boys
and girls in enrolment have narrowed.
• Remarkable gains have also been made in the fight
against malaria and tuberculosis, along with
improvements in all health indicators.

14 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 Summary of 2014 MDG Report
• The likelihood of a child dying before age five has been
nearly cut in half over the last two decades. That means
that about 17,000 children are saved every day.
• The target of halving the proportion of people who lack
access to improved sources of water was also met.
• Member States are now fully engaged in discussions to
define Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will
serve as the core of a universal post-2015 development
agenda.

15 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  Some comments
• The MDG-1 target has been met, poverty rates have
been halved between 1990 and 2010, but 1.2 billion
people still live in extreme poverty.
• Despite impressive strides forward at the start of the
decade, progress in reducing the number of children
out of school has slackened considerably.
• Women are assuming more power in the world’s
parliaments, boosted by quota systems. Much more
still needs to be done to reduce maternal mortality.

16 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  Some comments

• Poverty and lack of education perpetuate high

adolescent birth rates.
• There are still too many new cases of HIV infection.
• Millions of hectares of forest are lost every year,
threatening this valuable asset. Global greenhouse
gas emissions continue their upward trend.

17 11/26/2022 Add a footer

  2. The Concept of Sustainable Development

1. Environmentally sustainable, based on the

belief/fact that our biosphere is a close system with
finite resources and a limited capacity for self-
regulation and self-renewal.
2. We depend on the earth’s natural resources, and
therefore we must create an economic system that
respects the integrity of ecosystems and ensures the
resilience of life supporting systems.

18 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 Outline of Presentation
1. Introduction to Environmental
Management
2. The concept of sustainable development
3. Agenda 21
4. The Sustainable Consumption and
Production patterns (SCP)
5. Cleaner Production
6. Environmental Management Systems
19 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 3. What is Agenda 21?

• It is a comprehensive Plan of Action to be taken

Globally, Nationally, and Locally by organizations of the
United Nations systems, Governments and major
groups in every area which humans impact on the
environment.
• It was adopted by more than 178 Governments at the
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in
June 1992.
20 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 3. What is Agenda 21?

• 21Agenda 21 is a Non-binding, Voluntarily implemented

action plan of the United Nations with regard to
sustainable development.
• It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral
organizations, and individual governments around the
world that can be executed at Local, National, and
Global levels.
• The "21" in Agenda 21 refers to the 21st century.

21 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 3. What is Agenda 21?
• It is an international blueprint that outlines actions that
governments, international organizations, industries and the
community can take into consideration to achieve
sustainability.
• These actions recognize the impacts of human behaviors on
the environment and on the sustainability of systems of
production.
• The main objective of Agenda 21 is the alleviation of poverty,
hunger, sickness and illiteracy worldwide while halting the
deterioration of ecosystems which sustain life.
22 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 3. What is Agenda 21?
• It is a 300-page document divided into 40 chapters that have been
grouped into 4 main sections:
• Section 1: Social and Economic Dimensions – examining the
underlying human factors and problems of development, along
with the key issues of trade and integrated decision-making;
• Section 2: Conservation and Management of Resources for
Development- This is the largest section of Agenda 21, presenting
the range of resources, ecosystems and other issues, all of which
must be examined in detail if sustainable development is to be
achieved at global, national and local levels

23 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 3. What is Agenda 21?
• Section 3: Strengthening the Role of Major Groups– Looks at the social
partnerships necessary if sustainable development is to be a reality. It
recognizes that Government and international agencies cannot alone
achieve sustainable development and that the community, industry,
organizations, must be key players in the development of policy and in
achieving the necessary changes;
• Section 4: Means of Implementation– examines the question 'how do
we get there?'. The section looks at the resources which must be
mobilized in support of a sustainable future, finance and technology are
key elements, this section also deals with aspects of education,
institutional and legal structures, data and information and the building
of national capacity in relevant disciplines.
24 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 What is Local Agenda 21?
• Act local and think global; Responsible local actions to reduce or
eliminate global problems. In other words, nations should
implement the kind of development that meets our present needs
without compromising the ability of future generations to do the
same.
• Initiatives by society, community itself rather than by central or
local government, making choices that would influence global
problems.
• Implementing many simple, ordinary things that can ensure a
better quality community for the future, such as recycling more of
our rubbish, reducing wastage, and minimizing our contribution to
pollution.
25 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 Sustainable Consumption and Production Pattern (SCP)

• We are consuming more than nature can regenerate

and we are producing waste faster than the earth’s
systems can process it.
• As a result of continuing population growth and
increasing demand for resources in many parts of the
world, ecological deficit is amplified each year.
• Consumers are key to driving sustainable production
and play a central role in sustainable development
26 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 Sustainable Consumption and Production Pattern (SCP)
• Promoting sustainable consumption and production are important
aspects of sustainable development, which depends on achieving long-
term economic growth that is consistent with environmental and social
needs.
• Sustainable consumption policies increasingly take into account the
social and ethical dimensions of products and how they are produced as
well as their ecological impacts.
• Moving towards sustainable consumption and production is a systemic
and long-term challenge.
• This change requires a lifecycle approach, cooperation across all actors
of society, and a mix of policies and tools that will be adapted to each
country based on their levels of development
27 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 SCP: Key Words to be noted

• Natural Capital : Natural resources (matter and energy)

are processes that are needed to maintain life, produce
and deliver goods and services.
• They include: renewable resources (freshwater, fisheries
and wood) non-renewable resources (such as mineral
deposits), sinks (that absorb, neutralize or recycle
wastes) and ecological processes such as climate
regulation and disease regulation.

28 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 SCP: Key Words to be noted
• Human Capital - Includes people’s health, knowledge, skills,
motivation and capacity for relationships, all essential for
productive work and the creation of a better quality of life.
• Human capital can be fostered through improving
opportunities for learning, creativity, stimulation and enhanced
health.
• Social Capital - Concerns the institutions that help us maintain
and develop human capital in partnership with others. It
includes such institutions as families, communities, businesses,
labor unions, schools and voluntary organizations.
29 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 SCP: Key Words to be noted

• Material Goods, or fixed assets that contribute to the

production process or the provision of services, rather
than being part of the output itself. It includes for
example tools, machinery, buildings and infrastructure.
• Financial Capital - Means to achieving intended goals.
Plays a critical role in our economy, enabling the other
types of capital to be owned and traded, for example
through shares, bonds or banknotes.

30 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 SCP: Key Words to be noted

• Resource Efficiency - is about ensuring that natural

resources are produced, processed and consumed in a
more Sustainable way, Reducing the environmental
impact of the Consumption and Production of goods
and services over their full life cycles.

31 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 SCP: Key Words to be noted
• Every product has a life cycle. Products are designed, produced,
launched, used and maintained, and at some point, may “die”
(disposal or recovery).
• Life cycle analysis involves the production and manufacturing
processes to include the environmental, social and economic
impact of a product or service system over its entire life cycle,
from cradle to grave.
• A life cycle approach identifies both the opportunities and risks of
a product or technology, from the extraction of raw materials to
disposal, and can provide relevant information to determine and
influence patterns of consumption and production.
32 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 Sketch of
A Life
Cycle
Analysis

33 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 Outline of Presentation
1. Introduction to Environmental
Management
2. The concept of sustainable development
3. Agenda 21
4. The Sustainable Consumption and
Production patterns (SCP)
5. Cleaner Production
6. Environmental Management Systems
34 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 5. Cleaner Production
• The continuous application of an integrated preventive
environmental strategy to processes, goods and services to
increase overall efficiency, and reduce risks to humans and the
environment.
• Cleaner production is a preventive, company-specific
environmental protection initiative. It is intended to minimize
waste and emissions and maximize product.
• Cleaner production is a way of designing products and
manufacturing processes in harmony with natural ecological
cycles.

35 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 5. Cleaner Production
• Creating non-toxic materials, reducing unsustainable consumption,
and promoting closed loop systems by making the producers of
products responsible for their entire life cycle to ensure zero waste.
• Cleaner production involves reducing environmental impacts along
the entire life cycle of a product/service by conserving resources
(raw materials, energy and water), eliminating toxic raw materials
and reducing the quantity and toxicity of all emissions and wastes.
• Cleaner production goes beyond meeting regulatory obligations and
looks for further improvements to benefit the company as well as
the environment.

36 11/26/2022 Add a footer

37 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 5. Cleaner Production
• The concept was developed during the preparation of
the Rio Summit as a programme of UNEP (United Nations
Environmental Programme) and UNIDO (United Nations
Industrial Development Organization).
• It is meant to reduce the environmental impact of
industry.
• It is built on ideas of the 3P (Pollution Prevention
Pays).The concept is to increase the resource efficiency
of production in general.

38 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 5. Key Principles and Elements of the
Clean Production System
1. The Precautionary Principle. The precautionary principle requires
that action should be taken as far as possible to avoid damage to
the environment before it occurs and recognizes that there are
limitations and uncertainties to scientific knowledge. Recognizes
that there are grounds for concern for the possibility of adverse
effects, therefore measures may be adopted.
2. The Preventive Principle. It is cheaper and more effective to
prevent environmental damage than to attempt to manage or “cure”
it. Prevention involves using safer chemicals and eliminating
hazardous chemicals, the elimination of spills, accidents and fugitive
releases is required while safer alternatives are researched and
implemented.

39 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 5. Key Principles and Elements of the
Clean Production System
3. The Public Participation Principle. Public access to
information about emissions and releases of hazardous chemicals
from manufacturing facilities, the amounts and types of chemicals
and materials used in production processes and the chemical
ingredients in products.
4. The Holistic Principle Clean production. It is an integrated
approach to production, constantly asking what happens
throughout the life cycle of the chemical or product; changing
the manufacturing process to stop the direct discharge of
hazardous chemicals in wastewaters or by redirecting them to a
waste water treatment plant.

40 11/26/2022 Add a footer

 5. Practices for Cleaner Production
1. Good Housekeeping: appropriate provisions to prevent leaks and spills
and to achieve proper, standardized operation and maintenance
procedures and practices;
2. Input Material Change: replacement of hazardous or non-renewable
inputs by less hazardous or renewable materials or by materials with a
longer service life-time;
3. Better Process Control: modification of the working procedures,
machine instructions and process record keeping for operating the
processes at higher efficiency and lower rates of waste and emission
generation;
4. Equipment Modification: modification of the production equipment so
as to run the processes at higher efficiency and lower rates of waste
and emission generation;
41 11/26/2022 Add a footer
 5. Practices for Cleaner Production
5. Technology Change: replacement of the technology, processing
sequence and/or synthesis pathway in order to minimize the rates
of waste and emission generation during production;
6. On-Site Recovery/Reuse: reuse of the wasted materials in the same
process or for another useful application within the company;
7. Production of Useful By-Products: transformation of previously
discarded wastes into materials that can be reused or recycled for
another application outside the company; and
8. Product Modification: modification of product characteristics in
order to minimize the environmental impacts of the product during
or after its use (disposal) or to minimize the environmental impacts
of its production.
42 11/26/2022 Add a footer
C:\Users\User\OneDr
ive\Documents\COM
PILATION OF SYLLA