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Keys in SQL

This document discusses key concepts in relational databases including tables, rows, columns, primary keys, foreign keys, and candidate keys. It defines a table as a collection of rows and columns that stores data in a database. A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a table and cannot contain duplicates or null values. Foreign keys link tables together by referencing the primary key of another table and can contain null values. Candidate keys are fields that could serve as primary keys.

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Dev Paliwal
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31 views15 pages

Keys in SQL

This document discusses key concepts in relational databases including tables, rows, columns, primary keys, foreign keys, and candidate keys. It defines a table as a collection of rows and columns that stores data in a database. A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a table and cannot contain duplicates or null values. Foreign keys link tables together by referencing the primary key of another table and can contain null values. Candidate keys are fields that could serve as primary keys.

Uploaded by

Dev Paliwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TABLES

KEYS
ROWS
COLUMNS
QUERY
CONCEPT OF TABLES,ROWS,COLUMNS
 DATABASE is collection of data, which is
stored in a systematic manner, i.e., in the
form of tables.
(Database is a collection of tables)
A database consists of one or more tables.
 A table holds information in the form of
rows and columns.
EXAMPLE
STUDENTINFO COLUMNS

ROLLNO NAME PERCENTAGE CLASS


ROWS
101 KARTIK 95 X
502 NEETA 85 XI
487 AVNISH 75 XII
963 VISHWAS 65 X
 ROWS are also known as RECORDS/TUPLES.
 COLUMNS are also known as FIELDS/ATTRIBUTES.
 TABLE IS ALSO KNOWN AS RELATION.
CONCEPT OF KEYS
 A key plays an important role in
relational database.
 It is used for identifying unique
records(rows or tuples) from a table.
 It also establishes a relationship
among the tables.
TYPES OF KEYS
 Primary key
 Foreign key
 Candidate key
 Alternate key
PRIMARY KEY
 It is a set of one or more than one
fields/columns that uniquely identifies
each record in a table.
 It does not contain any duplicate data.
 It does not accept NULL.
TYPES OF PRIMARY KEY
 Simple Primary Key-When we choose
only one column/field as a primary
key in a table.
 Composite Primary Key-When we
choose combination of two or more
than two fields/attributes/columns as
a primary key in a table.
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE PRIMARY KEY

CUSTOMER

PRIMARY KEY
EXAMPLE OF COMPOSITE PRIMARY KEY
CARDS
CANDIDATE KEY
 All columns/fields/attributes that may
uniquely identify the records. Such fields
are called Candidate keys as they are
eligible to become a primary key.
 A table can have more than one candidate
keys.
ALTERNATE KEY

ALTERNATE KEYS=CANDIDATE KEYS –PRIMARY KEY


FOREIGN KEY
 It is also known as reference key.
 It is a field/attribute/column that is used to
establish a relation or link i.e.,
between two tables.
 A Foreign key in one table points to a
primary key in another table.
 A Foreign key can have a different name
than the primary key it comes from.
FOREIGN KEY
 Foreign key value can be null, even though
primary key value can’t.
 Foreign key don’t have to be unique.
 The table in which primary key is present is
known as Parent table.
 The table in which Foreign key is present is
known as Child table.
EXAMPLE
KEYS (key points)

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