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Lesson 1.1 - Structures and Analysis

Structural analysis is the process of predicting how a structure will behave under certain loads or environmental conditions through the use of mechanics. It involves simulating the structure's performance by calculating factors like stresses, deflections, and support reactions. Historically, structural design was done through trial and error, but over time engineers began applying mathematical and scientific principles from fields like mechanics and material science to analyze structures. Structural analysis is a key part of the structural engineering design process.

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Anthony Jerome Bella
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55 views

Lesson 1.1 - Structures and Analysis

Structural analysis is the process of predicting how a structure will behave under certain loads or environmental conditions through the use of mechanics. It involves simulating the structure's performance by calculating factors like stresses, deflections, and support reactions. Historically, structural design was done through trial and error, but over time engineers began applying mathematical and scientific principles from fields like mechanics and material science to analyze structures. Structural analysis is a key part of the structural engineering design process.

Uploaded by

Anthony Jerome Bella
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Structural Analysis
- the prediction of the performance
of a given structure under prescribed
loads and/or other external effects,
such as support movement and
temperature changes.
PREDICTION

- In structural theory, it is the process


of simulating/computing the behavior
of a given structure by using the
theory of mechanics of materials.
PERFORMANCE

- In buildings, it is the behavior, of a


building when exposed to a set of
loads or external forces such as
WIND,EARTHQUAKE
PRESCRIBED LOADS

- In structural engineering, it is the


external forces such as the wind
loads, earthquake motions, and
weight of all other materials that the
building is designed to carry.
Common Performance Characteristics in
Design of Structures:
(1)Stresses or Stress Resultant
- axial forces, shear forces, bending moments
(2) Deflections
(3) Support Reactions
Common Performance Characteristics in
Design of Structures:
STRESS

DEFLECTION

SUPPORT REACTIONS
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

- Dawn of History : structures were designed by


trial and error using rule of thumb based on
past experience

- Mid 17th Century : engineers began applying


Mechanics (Math and Science) in designing
structures
Some of the Magnificent Structures from
Earlier Eras Still Existing

- Egyptian Pyramids (about 300 BC)


- Greek Temples (500 – 200 BC)
- Roman Coliseum and Aqueducts (200BC – AD200)
- Gothic Cathedrals (AD100 – 1500)
Galileo Galilei
- considered as the originator of the theory of
structures
The book: Two New Sciences
-published in 1638, discussed the analysis on the
failure of simple structures including cantilever
beams and the approximate predictions on the
strength of beams
- ushered a new era of structural engineering in
which analytical principles of mechanics and strength
of materials would have major influence on the
design of structures
- 18th Century
Robert Hooke (1635-1730)
- developed the law of linear relationship
between the force and the deformation of
materials (Hooke’s Law)

Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727)


- formulated the laws of motion and
developed calculus (foundational mechanics)
John Bernoulli (1667 – 1748)
- formulated the principle of virtual work

Leonhard Euler ( 1707-1783)


- developed the theory of buckling columns

C. de Coulomb (1736-1806)
- presented the analysis of elastic bending of
beams
1800’s
L.M. Navier (1785-1836)
- published a treatise on elastic behavior of
structures (1st textbook on modern theory of
strength of materials) in 1826.

B.P. Clapeyron (1799 – 1864)


- formulated the three-moment equation for
the analysis of continuous beams
J.C. Maxwell (1831-1879)
- presented the method of consistent
deformations and the law of reciprocal
deflections

Otto Mohr (1835 – 1918)


- developed the conjugate beam method for
calculation of deflection and Mohr’s circle of
stress and strain
Alberto Castigliano (1847 – 1884)
- formulated the theorem of least work

C.E. Greene (1842 – 1903)


- developed the area moment method

H. Muller-Breslau (1851 – 19250


- presented a principle for constructing an
influence line
G.A. Maney (1888 -1947)
- developed the slope deflection method (the precursor of
matrix stiffness method)

Hardy Cross (1885 – 1959)


- developed the moment distribution method in 1924 (most
widely used by structural engineers between 1930 to 1970)
- provided significant understanding on the behavior of
statically indeterminate frames
- design of high rise buildings and other huge structures
would not have been possible without the moment
distribution method of analysis
1950’s
-development of the revolutionized structural
analysis using computers
- computers could solve large systems of
simultaneous equations that was usually
performed in weeks but now in seconds
Contributors on the current computer method
on structural analysis:

- J.H. Argyris - R.K. Livesley


- R.W. Clough - H.C. Martin
- S. Kelsey - M.T. Turner
- E.L. Wilson - O.C. Zienkiewicz
Structural Engineering
- the science and art of planning, designing
and constructing safe and economical structures
that will serve their intended purposes

Note: Structural Analysis is an integral part of


any structural engineering project, its function
being the prediction of the performance of the
proposed structure.
PHASE OF A TYPICAL STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING PROJECT

PLANNING PHASE

PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL DESIGN

ESTIMATION OF LOADS

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Are the
Revise
safety and NO
Structural
serviceability
Design
satisfied?

YES

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

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