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    Introduction To Research Methodology

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    Tanisha
    This document discusses the key aspects of research including definitions, characteristics, processes, and objectives. It defines research as a systematic means of problem solving involving collection and analysis of data to increase understanding. The main characteristics are that research should be systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable. The research process involves reviewing literature, formulating questions, selecting designs, collecting data, analyzing findings, and interpreting conclusions. Objectives can be theoretical, factual, or applied.

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    Introduction To Research Methodology

    Uploaded by

    Tanisha
    34 views14 pages
    This document discusses the key aspects of research including definitions, characteristics, processes, and objectives. It defines research as a systematic means of problem solving involving collection and analysis of data to increase understanding. The main characteristics are that research should be systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable. The research process involves reviewing literature, formulating questions, selecting designs, collecting data, analyzing findings, and interpreting conclusions. Objectives can be theoretical, factual, or applied.

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    Introduction to Research Methodology

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    This document discusses the key aspects of research including definitions, characteristics, processes, and objectives. It defines research as a systematic means of problem solving involving collection and analysis of data to increase understanding. The main characteristics are that research should be systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable. The research process involves reviewing literature, formulating questions, selecting designs, collecting data, analyzing findings, and interpreting conclusions. Objectives can be theoretical, factual, or applied.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views14 pages

    Introduction To Research Methodology

    Uploaded by

    Tanisha
    This document discusses the key aspects of research including definitions, characteristics, processes, and objectives. It defines research as a systematic means of problem solving involving collection and analysis of data to increase understanding. The main characteristics are that research should be systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable. The research process involves reviewing literature, formulating questions, selecting designs, collecting data, analyzing findings, and interpreting conclusions. Objectives can be theoretical, factual, or applied.

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    AINN

    Name of Institution

    What is Research?
    A systematic means of problem solving (Tuckman
    1978). It involves the collection, analysis and
    interpretation of data to increase our understanding
    of a topic or problem.

    5 key qualities/ characteristics:


    1. Systematic – research process
    2. Logical – induction/deduction
    3. Empirical – evidence based
    4. Reductive – generalisation
    5. Replicable – methodology
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Qualities of a good Research design:


    Good research is systematic: It means that research is
    structured with specified steps to be taken in a specified
    sequence in accordance with the well defined set of rules.
    Systematic characteristic of the research does not rule out
    creative thinking but it certainly does reject the use of
    guessing and intuition in drawing conclusions.
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Good research is logical: This implies that research is


    guided by the rules of logical reasoning and the logical
    process of induction and deduction are of great value in
    carrying out research.
    Induction is the process of reasoning from a part to the
    whole
    whereas deduction is the process of reasoning from some
    premise to a conclusion.
    In fact, logical reasoning makes research more meaningful
    in the context of decision making.
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Good research is empirical (practical): It implies


    that research is related basically to one or more
    aspects of a real situation and deals with concrete
    data that provides a basis for external validity to
    research results.

    Good research is replicable: This characteristic


    allows research results to be verified by replicating
    the study and thereby building a sound basis for
    decisions.
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Criteria for Good Research Topic:


    1. Relevance
    2. Avoidance of duplication
    3. Feasibility
    4. Political acceptability
    5. Applicability
    6. Urgency of data needed
    7. Ethical acceptability
    Good Research AINN
    Name of Institution

    1. The purpose of the research should be clearly


    defined and common concepts must not be
    confusing.
    2. The research procedure used should be described
    in sufficient detail to permit another researcher to
    repeat the research for further advancement.
    3. The procedural design of the research should be
    carefully planned to yield results.
    4. The researcher should report with complete
    frankness, flaws in procedural design and estimate
    their effects upon the findings.
    6
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently


    adequate to reveal its significance and the methods
    of analysis used should be appropriate.
    6. The validity and reliability of the data should be
    checked carefully.
    7. Conclusions should be confined to those justified
    by the data of the research and limited to those for
    which the data provide an adequate basis.
    8. Greater confidence in research is warranted if the
    researcher is experienced, has a good reputation in
    research and is a person of integrity.
    7
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Review the Available


    Literature

    Publish Findings Formulate a


    Question

    Research Process
    Interpret Findings Select an Appropriate
    Research Design

    Collect Relevant Data


    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Research Process
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Steps to Follow When Conducting Research


    The research process is a planned sequence that consists of
    the following six steps:
    1. Developing a statement of the research question
    2. Developing a statement of the research hypothesis
    3. Defining the instrument, methods, variables and
    invariables
    4. Gathering the data
    5. Analysing the data
    6. Drawing conclusions regarding the hypothesis
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    General Characteristics of Research:


    1. It gathers new knowledge or data from primary source.
    2. It places emphasis upon the discovery of general principles.
    3. It is an exact, systematic and accurate investigation.
    4. It uses certain valid data gathering devices.
    5. It is logical and objective.
    6. The researcher eliminates personal feelings and preferences.
    7. It endeavours to organise data in quantitative terms.
    8. Research is done in patience and unhurried manner.
    9. Research is carefully recorded and reported.
    10. Careful conclusions and generalisations.
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Specific Characteristics of Research:


    1. A sound philosophy is the basis of research.
    2. Research is based on insight and imagination.
    3. Research requires an interdisciplinary approach.
    4. Research should come out of a desire to do things better.
    5. Research is not the field of the specialist only.
    6. Research generally requires inexpensive material.
    7. Research is based on subjectivity and intangibility of social
    phenomena.
    8. Research is perhaps incapable of being dealt through empirical
    method.
    9. Research cannot be a mechanical process.
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    Objectives of Research
    1. Theoretical objective (formulate the new theories, principles or
    laws; explanatory in nature)
    2. Factual objective (find out new facts; descriptive in nature)
    3. Application objective (suggests new applications; improvement and
    modification in practice)

    The first two types of objectives of research contribute new


    knowledge in the form of new theory and facts in a particular field of
    study or discipline.

    The third objective does not contribute to knowledge but suggests


    new application for practical problems.
    AINN
    Name of Institution

    THANK
    YOU

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