Activity 1: Recall Me!

The result will

determine your prior knowledge.
I. Correct or Incorrect.
Write the word Correct if the idea of
the statement is true and the write
word Incorrect if otherwise.
__________1. Apes and human have
similarities in biological anatomy and
capacity for culture.
__________2. As the environment changes,
our society and way of life also change.
__________3. Stone tools offer
archaeologists hints about the lifestyle of
early homo sapiens.
__________4. Earliest people believed in
supernatural being or gods.
__________5. The market economic
system was founded during the agrarian
stage of society.
__________6. Foraging was an economic
activity started during the Metal Age.
__________7. The practice of agriculture was
known during the late Paleolithic period.
__________8. Producing more food allowed
societies to become larger.
__________9. Language has a little influence on
our ways of perceiving, behaving, and feeling.
__________10. The expansion of trade sparked
the growth of cities as economic and political
centers.
• II. Identification. Identify what is being asked.
__________11. A symbolic system through which people
communicate and through which idea values, beliefs, and
knowledge are transmitted, expressed, and shared.
__________12. It refers to our cultural heritage in the form of
structures, monuments, historical sites, and other artifacts.
__________13. Sociologists refer to this as the combination of
objects and rules of using them that speaks about their culture.
__________14. Cultural period where the used of metal such as
bronze, copper, and iron flourished.
__________15. The Thinking Man –species to which all modern
human beings belong
•III. Match Column A to Column B to
identify what field of Social Science is
referring to.
•IV. Contributions to Civilization.
Can you identify the ancient
civilization that brought the world
some of these greatest inventions or
achievements? Choose your answers
inside this table.
 OBJECTIVES
• Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern
humans.
• Explore the significance of human material remains and
artefactual evidence in interpreting cultural and social,
including political and economic, processes.
• Recognize national, local, and specialized museums, and
archaeological and historical sites as venues to appreciate
and reflect on the complexities of biocultural and social
evolution as part of being and becoming human.
 Human Capacity for Culture
•Culture is defined as “that complex whole
which encompasses beliefs, practices,
values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts,
symbols, knowledge, and everything that
a person learns and shares as a member of
a society”
Evolution is a natural process of biological
changes occurring in a population across
successive generations (Banaag, 2012 p.31). It
helps us identify and analyze man’s physiological
development and eventually the emergence of
different society. Moreover, man’s progression
and characteristics are essential in
understanding the capability for adaptation.
Most scientists currently recognize some 15 to 20
different species of early humans.
HOMO SAPIENS SUB-SPECIES
Four Biological Capacity of Human to
Develop Culture
 Cultural and Sociopolitical Development
•Culture enables the members of society to develop
ways of coping with exigencies of nature as well as
ways of harnessing their environment (Panopio,
et.al 1994). The changes made by man through his
interaction with the environment establish the
different cultural evolution which determines
man’s socio-cultural development.
 The Early Types of Societies
During the course of human history, people have organized
themselves into various types of societies depending upon
their level of technology and the related methods of
subsistence. The earliest societies confined themselves in
gathering and hunting for food. When man invented the
plow, it enabled him to increase the amount of available
food. The introduction of modern technology and
equipment, mass computerization, and white-collar service
occupations, has changed the man’s society into a more
complex one
 COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
• The beginning of early man is a proper reference in
treating the interesting subject of culture. Man’s
adaptation to his society, his conformity with the culture
of his time and his education have worked alongside each
other in putting him in his present status as the strongest
and the most intelligent creature in the world.
• As perceived by sociologists and anthropologists, culture
is rather a complex concept. To understand culture, one
must examine its major elements
1. Material Culture –It is the physical objects a society
produces, things people create and use. These are tools,
furniture, clothing, automobiles, and computer systems, to
name a few. Thus, the awareness of the kind of objects
created and how people use them brings about greater
understanding of the culture and of a society.
• 1.1. Technology. A Society’s culture consists of not only
physical objects but also rules for using those objects.
Sociologists sometimes refer to this combination of
objects and rules as technology. Using items of
material culture, particularly tools, requires various
skills, which are part of the nonmaterial culture.
2. Non-material Culture –It consists of
elements termed norms, values, beliefs,
and language shared by the members of
a society. Non-material culture is
considered as the carriers of culture.
• 2.1. Language. Perhaps, the most defining characteristics of
human being is the ability to develop and use highly
complex systems of symbols like language. A symbol, as
sociologists say, is the very foundation of culture. The
essence of culture is the sharing of meanings among
members of a society. Unless one shares the language of a
culture, one cannot participate in it. (Fishman, 1985; p.128)
Language influences our ways of perceiving, behaving, and
feeling, and thus, tends to define and shape the world
around us. It is through language that idea values, beliefs,
and knowledge are transmitted, expressed, and shared.
Without language, there will be no culture.
•2.2. Beliefs. These are ideas that people hold
about the universe or any part of the total
reality surrounding them. These are the
things how people perceive reality. The
subject of human beliefs may be infinite and
may include ideas concerning the individual,
other people and any all aspects of the
biological, physical, social, and supernatural
world be it primitive or scientific.
• 2.3. Values. They are shared ideas about
desirable goals. They are the person’s ideas
about worth and desirability or an abstract of
what is important and worthwhile. Values
make up our judgements of moral and
immoral, good and bad, right and wrong,
beautiful and ugly, etc.
•2.4. Norms. These are shared rules of
conduct that specify how people ought
to think and act. A norm is ideas in the
minds of the members of a group put
into a statement specifying what
members of the group should do, ought
to do or are expected to do under certain
circumstances. (Homans, 1950; p. 123).
Norms are usually in the form of rules, standards, or prescriptions
and social shared expectations. Norms has three forms:
• 2.4.1. Mores. These are norms associated with strong ideas of right and wrong.
Mores are standard of conduct that are highly respected and valued by the group
and their fulfilment is felt to be necessary and vital to group welfare. They are
considered essential to the group’s existence and accordingly, the group
demands that they be followed without questions. They represent obligatory
behavior because their infraction results to punishment –formal or informal.
• 2.4.2. Folkways. These are norms that are simply the customary, normal, habitual
ways a group does things. These customary ways are accumulated and become
repetitive patterns of expected behavior which tends to become permanent
traditions. One of the essential features of folkways is that there is no strong
feeling of right or wrong attached to them. If one violates folkways, there is no
punishment attached to it.
• 2.4.3. Laws. These are often referred to as formal norms. They are rules that are
enforced and sanctioned by the authority of the government.
 The Legacy of Early Humans to Contemporary
Population
• Cultural heritage is not limited to material manifestations, such
as monuments and objects that have been preserved over time.
This notion also encompasses living expressions and the
traditions that countless groups and communities worldwide
have inherited from their ancestors and transmit to their
descendants, in most cases, orally (UNESCO, 2010)
• This definition us with a two-part meaning of cultural heritage.
On one end, there is heritage being tangible in the form of
structures, monuments, historical sites, and other artifacts. On
the other hand, there is heritage being intangible in the form of
literature, oral, traditions, concepts, and values.
Tangible heritage could be divided into two categories: movable
and immovable. The primary difference in these categories is the
size of the heritage. For example, the Stonehenge is an immovable
tangible heritage, whereas the sarcophagus of the pharaoh
Tutankhamun is a movable tangible heritage.
Movable tangible heritage pieces are often removed from the sites
where they were found and transferred to museums for
safekeeping and maintenance. Immovable tangible heritage
pieces are often left to the elements of nature (i.e., rain, wind,
sand, sun), which makes them vulnerable to decay and corrosion.
This does not mean that conservation efforts are not being made.
However, due to the constant exposure of these objects to these
elements, conservation becomes more challenging.
ACTIVITY
A. Write inside the boxes the corresponding
name of the species.
Enumerate practices or activities of early people that are still
being practiced or observed by the people today.
 Essay
• 1. What is the role played by fiestas and museums in
preserving our cultural practices and symbols?
Fiestas:_________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Museums:______________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community
and passed on from generation to generation. There are two kinds: Tangible
cultural heritage and Intangible cultural heritage. Can you give examples of
them?
Select the right answer from the choices inside the box.
Choices for 1-4:

1. They were the first hunters with improvised tools

such as axes and knives, and were the first to
produce fire.
2. First to make stone tools.
3. Described as manlike primates.
4. They were the first to produce art in cave paintings
and crafting decorated tools and accessories.
5. Also known as the computer age.
6. Trading flourished in and among tribes, kingdoms,
empires and later on state.
7. The period when the considered new people learned
farming, domesticating animals and use wove cloth as
protection of their skin.
8. People during this period are nomadic.
9. Used for food preservation and storing of
water.
10. What materials they produced or made
to help them in harvesting crops?
11. With great skills, a loom is a device for;
12. Traditional tool in farming.
13.Performing rituals -butchering of animals,
offering of foods, for the dead relatives.
14. Killing, stealing and many more are
strictly prohibited by society.
15. Elders are given high respect in the
society