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File Handling

This document discusses file handling in C programming. It explains that files allow preserving output, easy analysis of large data, and working with input/output that exceeds memory limits. It describes establishing a buffer area using FILE *fp and opening/closing files using fopen() and fclose(). It also discusses reading from and writing to files using functions like fscanf(), fprintf(), fgetc(), and fputc(), and provides code examples that open and write lines of text to a file, copy one file to another, and double space the lines in a file.

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Rohan Tiwari
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28 views13 pages

File Handling

This document discusses file handling in C programming. It explains that files allow preserving output, easy analysis of large data, and working with input/output that exceeds memory limits. It describes establishing a buffer area using FILE *fp and opening/closing files using fopen() and fclose(). It also discusses reading from and writing to files using functions like fscanf(), fprintf(), fgetc(), and fputc(), and provides code examples that open and write lines of text to a file, copy one file to another, and double space the lines in a file.

Uploaded by

Rohan Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Programming

Pratik Narang

BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

File handling in C
Why files?
• Preserve the output
• Easy analysis
• Large data (input or output)
Working with files
• First, establish a buffer area.
• Here the information will be stored temporarily while
being transferred between the computer’s memory and
the file.
• It allows information to be read from or written to the file
more rapidly.

• FILE *fp;
• FILE – establishes the buffer area
• fp – pointer variable indicating the beginning of buffer area
Opening/closing a file
• A file must be opened before it is processed.
• It associates the file name with the buffer area (the file
pointer).
• It also specifies how the file will be utilized
• Read-only
• Write-only
• Read/write
• fp = fopen(file-name, mode);
• fclose(fp);
File modes
If FILE-
Mode Meaning
Exists Doesn’t exist
r Reading – NULL
w Writing Over write on Existing Create New File
a Append – Create New File
New data is written at
r+ Reading + Writing the beginning, Create New File
overwriting existing data
w+ Reading + Writing Over write on Existing Create New File
New data is appended
a+ Reading + Appending Create New File
at the end of file
Reading from / writing to files
• fscanf()
• Declaration: int fscanf(FILE *fp, const char *format, …)

• fprintf()
• Declaration: int fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *format, …)

• fgetc ()
• Declaration: int fgetc(FILE *fp)

• fputc()
• Declaration: int fputc(int char, FILE *fp)
What does this code do?
int main()
{
char c[1000];

scanf("%[^\n]", c);
printf("\n***%s***\n", c);

return 0;

}
What does this code do?
int main()
{
char c[1000];
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(“one.txt”, “r”);
fscanf(fp, "%[^\n]", c);
printf("\n***%s***\n", c);
fclose(fp);
return 0;

}
What does this code do?
int main ()
{

for(int i = 0; i < 10;i++)


printf(“Line %d\n",i+1);

return 0;
}
What does this code do?
int main ()
{
FILE* fp;
fp = fopen(“1.txt”, “w”);
for(int i = 0; i < 10;i++)
fprintf(fp,“Line %d\n",i+1);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
Cope file f1.txt to f2.txt
FILE *fp1 = fopen ("f1.txt", "r");
FILE *fp2 = fopen ("f2.txt", "w");
int ch;
while ((ch = getc(fp1)) != EOF)
putc(ch, fp2);
/* as long as some content is yet to be read
in the source file, continue; else don’t */
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
Double space a file
FILE *fp1 = fopen ("f1.txt", "r");
FILE *fp2 = fopen ("f2.txt", "w");
int ch;
while ((ch = getc(fp1)) != EOF) {
putc(ch, fp2);
if (ch == '\n') putc(ch, fp2);
}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);

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