TENSES

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TENSES

TENSES
 PRESENT TENSE
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 PRESENT PERFECT
 PAST TENSE
 FUTURE TENSE
PRESENT TENSE
The functions of Present Tense are :
 Present Tense is used to indicate habitual action.

 Present Tense is used to tell about the General truth.

 It is used to indicate present time (now) with the

following stative verbs.

know believe hear see smell


wish think posses understand hate
love like want sound exist
prefer have need appear seem
taste own belong
PRESENT TENSE PATTERN
If the subject he/she/it
(+) S + V+s/es + O/C (?) Does + S + V1 + O/C

 Does Henry swim in the


 Henry always swims in the
evening?
evening.  Does the food taste delicious?
 The food tastes delicious.
(-) S + does + not + V1 + O/C

 Henry doesn’t swim in the evening.


 The food doesn’t taste delicious.
If the subject they/we/you/I
(+) S + V1 + O/C

 They understand the problem.


 I go running twice a week.

(-) S + do + not + V1 + O/C


 They don’t understand the problem.
 I don’t go running twice a week.

(?) Do + S + V 1+ O/C
 Do they understand the problem?
 Do you go running twice a week?
Modifier of Time
 Every . . .
 Once a . . . , twice a . . . , three times a . . . ,

etc.
 Always, seldom, usually, never, . . .
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences with the words in the
parentheses.
1. Bob seldom.......(wash) dishes.
2. I sometimes.....(get up) late.
3. He always.....(enjoy) good food.
4. They seldom....(drink) fresh milk.
5. Carol often.....(go) to the theatre.
6. Father usually.....(have) breakfast at 7.
7. They always....(carry) their books in their book bag.
8. Tom often....(watch) television at night.
9. Sally.....(swim) twice a week.
10. Dick....(study) at the university.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 Present continuous is used to indicate that
the action still progess now.

 Present continuous also can be used to


indicate that the action will happen soon.
THE PATTERN OF PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
(+) S + is/am/are + V-ing + O/C

 Rita is singing a good song right now.


 I am reading a novel now.
 We are watching a movie at 7 tonight.
(-) S + is/am/are + not +V-ing + O/C

 Rita is not singing a good song right now.


 I am not reading a novel now.
 We are not watching a movie at 7 tonight.
(?) Is/am/are + S + V-ing + O/C

Is Rita singing a good song right now?


Are you reading a novel now?
Are you watching a movie at 7 tonight?
Modifier of Time
 Now, right now
 At the moment
Exercises 2
Make question. Give short answers.
For example :
A : Is Ann reading novel?
B : No, she isn’t. (Ann isn’t reading a novel).

A : Are you writing a letter?


B : Yes, I am. (I’m writing a letter).

1. A : .....................................................................................
B : Yes, ............................(John is drinking a glass of water)
2. A : .....................................................................................
B : No, ................................(Ruth isn’t eating breakfast)
3. A : .....................................................................................
B : Yes, ...............................(He is listening to the music)
4. A : .....................................................................................
B : No, .................................(The boys aren’t playing badminton)
5. A : .....................................................................................
B : Yes, .................................(The girls are working in the kitchen)
Exercise 3
Answer the questions using the words in parentheses
1. What are John and Mary doing? (watch televison)

2. Is the cat walking ? (sleep)

3. What is your brother doing ? (read a magazine)

4. Is your mother cooking in the kitchen ? (sew a


dress)
5. What is Mary doing? (draw a cat)
PRESENT PERFECT
Present Perfect is used to indicate :

 An action that happened at an indefinite time


in the past.
 An action that happened more than once in

the past
 An action that began in the past and is still

occuring in the present


THE PATTERN OF PRESENT PERFECT

(+) S + has / have + V3 +O/C

 John and his brother have traveled around the


world.
 George has seen this movie three times.
 John has lived in the same house for twenty
years.
 (-) S + has / have + not +V3 +O/C

John and his brother have not traveled around


the world.
George has not seen this movie three times.
John has not lived in the same house for twenty
years.
 (?) Has / Have + S + V3 + O/C

 Have John and his brother traveled around


the world?
 Has George seen this movie three times?
 Has John lived in the same house for twenty
years?
Modifier of Time
 For
for + duration of time
for five years, for ten minutes

 Since
since + beginning time
since 1975, since January

 Yet and Already


the adverbs yet and already are used to indicate that something has
happened (or hasn’t happenend) at an unspecified time in the past.
already afirmative sentences
yet negative sentences and questions
YET AND ALREADY
(+) S + has / have + already + V3 +O/C

 (-) S + has / have + not +V3 +O/C.....+yet

 We have already written our reports.


 We haven’t written our reports yet.
 Gabriel has already read the entire book.
 The president hasn’t decided what to do yet.
Exercises 2
Use the Present Perfect in the following sentences.

1. Bob (see) this movie before.


2. Jorge (read) the newspaper already.
3. Mr. Johnson (work) in the same place for thirty five
years and he is not planning to retire yet.
4. We (begin,negative) to study for the test yet.
5. Look! Somebody (break) that window.
6. My brother is an actor. He (appear) in several films.
7. The ceiling was white. Prabu (paint) the ceiling.
8. I have been reading the book you gave me but I (finish,
negative) it yet.
PAST TENSE
OPast Tense is used for a
completed action that
happened at one specific
time in the past.
The Pattern of Past Tense

(+) S + V2 + O/C

(-) S + did + not + V1 + O/C

(?) Did + S + V1 + O/C


Time Signals
 last ...
 yesterday
 after . . .
 this morning
 this afternoon
Examples
 John went to Spain last year.
 Bob bought a new bicycle yesterday.
 Maria did her homework last night.
 Mark washed the dishes after dinner.
 We drove to the grocery store this afternoon.
EXERCISES
Tell the story – fill in the past simple tense

On Friday, the children ……(talk) about a day out together in


the country. The next morning, they ……..(go) to the country
with their two dogs and ..(play) together. Ben and Dave
………(have) some kites. Some time later the dogs………..
(be) not there. So they………. (call) them and ……….(look) for
them in the forest. After half an hour the children….. (find)
them and …….(take) them back. Charlie ……….(be) very
happy to see them again. At lunch time Nick…….. (go) to the
bikes and……….. (fetch) the basket with some meat
sandwiches. Then they ……….(play) football. Nick and Dave
……….(win). In the evening they ………(ride) home.
FUTURE
FUTURE TENSE
 It is used to indicate that the activity happen next
time.
S + will + V1

S + will + be

 I will lend you money tomorrow.


 Haris will be a doctor someday.
FUTURE TENSE
 S + will + V1/be

 S + be (am/is/are) going to + V1
EXERCISES
1. Wait a minute. I (change) my clothes.
2. You look nervous. I (give) you a glass of water.
3. The doom (negative, happen) in 2017.
4. I (send) this letter tomorrow.
5. He (go) to French to continue his study.
6. She (go) the physiotherapist next Monday.
7. I (come) if they invite me.
8. Manda and I (prepare) some plates and glasses on the
dining table for the dinner tonight.
9. Yongki and Yoga (not participate) in music competition
at school next month.
10. (Give) Rama back Dayat’s phone?

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